Radical Chlorination of 1-Chlorobutane. The radical chlorination of 1-chlorobutane was carried out using sulfuryl chloride and azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN). From the reaction there were for possible products which are as follows 1,1-dichlorobutane, 1,2- dichlorobutane, 1,3-dichlorobutane, and 1,4-dichlorobutane. The structures produced from the reaction are as follows; Attached to the four carbons in 1-chlorobutane are hydrogens that can react readily with chlorine, because of its electron withdrawing character. Chemical environment surrounding the carbons are different and therefore affecting the character of the hydrogens attached.
The bromine is acting first like an electrophile, and then after bromine has broken the π bond, a carbocation has formed, and a bromide ion has been created, the bromide ion then acts as the nucleophile and forms a bond with the carbocation. This experiment uses bromination, the specific name of halogenation with bromine. In order to for bromination to occur bromine must first be generated. This is done in situ through the oxidation of glacid acetic acid and puridinum bromide perbromide. Once generation is accomplished the available bromine can be brominated.
This product is pitched as an antiseptic mouth rinse that kills germs caused by gingivitis, plaque, and bad breath and this product is also approved by the American Dental Association. Active ingredients Eucalyptol 0.092%, Menthol 0.042%, Methyl salicylate 0.060%, and Thymol 0.064% these ingredients purpose anti-gingivitis / anti-plaque. Inactive ingredients water, alcohol 21.6%, sorbitol solution, flavor, poloxamer 407, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, FD&C green no.3. In reviewing both products Equate Blue Mint mouth rinse and Listerine Cool Mint mouth rinse we have come to the conclusion thus far they both contain the exact same ingredients proportions and all. Not too much difference.
A binding material can be separated by dissolving the tablet in ether since three active ingredients are soluble. Then, aqueous K2HPO4 and KOH are used to extract the ether solution with the conjugate base of the Aspirin layer and the conjugate base of the Acetaminophen, respectively. The caffeine can be isolated from the left over layer by evaporating the ether. Two separated solutions form solid by acidifying with HCl and the solid residue can be collected by vacuum filtration. According to the Revell's lab experiment, aspirin, acetaminophen, caffeine recoveries are 60% or higher, <10% and <5%, respectively.
Radu Purtuc | Chemistry 231 - Lab | Section 32 Ronnie :: team-member TECH 705, SEPARATING ACIDS AND NEUTRAL COMPOUNDS BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION - MACROSCALE EXTRACTION July 6, 2006 Lab Report INTRODUCTION Purpose: using extraction technique to separate acetanilide, p-toluic acid, and p-tert-butylphenol; then measure the melting points of each compound and comparing them to the statistical values. Background: separating acids and neutral compounds by solvent extraction is a useful technique used in practice by chemists to separate organic compounds from mixture of other compounds. It generally involve several steps, with limiting factors being the number and output purity of compounds to be extracted from source mixture. A number of specific compound solvents not inter-miscible are used to separate and dissolve compounds, and a physical transfer between solvents is employed. An example of use is cleaning compounds of impurities, where different solvents work as a molecular filter that interacts differentially with compound and impurities respectively.
However, the desired product is (-)-Isopinocampheol, in which the -OH group need to attach to the less substituted carbon instead. In order to form (-)-Isopinocampheol, we need to do hydroboration-oxidation reaction, in which (+)-α-Pinene will react with borane-tetrahydrofuran complex as hydroborating reagent to form an intermediate that have -OH group in anti-Markovnikov position. First of all, the carbon-carbon double bond in (+)-α-PInene will connect with H-BH group. Based on anti-Markovnikov rule, the H ion which has partial positive charge will connect to the most substituted carbon while -B which has partial negative charge will connect to the less substituted carbon. Since (+)-α-Pinene's double bond is trisubstituted and sterically hindered, only two compounds will reaction with borane to form dialkylborane as intermediate.
Purpose: The reduction of carbonyl compounds is an important synthetic method to create alcohols. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by a variety of reagents to yield their respective alcohol products. Among the most useful reagents for accomplishing these reductions are the complex metal hydrides such as lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4 or LAH) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4). LAH and NaBH4 differ in their reactivities towards different classes of carbonyl compounds. LAH is highly reactive and will reduce acid chlorides, esters, carboxylic acids, amides, and nitriles as well as aldehydes and ketones.
Since alkenes are immiscible with concentrated HBr, tetrabutylammonium bromide is used as a phase-transfer catalyst. It forms a complex with HBr and extracts it from the aqueous phase into the organic phase where the alkene is. This dehydrates the acid, making it more reactive so that the addition reaction is possible. Rapid stirring is required in order to maximize the surface area
Prob.4 I n a process for the manufacture of chlorine by direct oxidation of HC l with air over a catalyst to form Cl2 and H2O ( only), the exit product is composed of HCl (4.4% ), Cl2 ( 19.8% ), H2O ( 19.8% ), O 2 ( 4.0% ) and N2 (52.0% ). What was
c) In fact, the reaction to produce but-2-ene gives a mixture of two different but-2-enes. Explain, with the help of a diagram, how it is possible to have two different but-2-enes. www.chemguide.co.uk Chemguide – questions 3. a) Write the mechanism for the dehydration of propan-2-ol by concentrated sulphuric acid, using the mechanism which goes through a carbocation (carbonium ion) intermediate. b) The mechanism for the dehydration of ethanol doesn't go through a carbocation intermediate, but instead uses the mechanism: Describe and explain in words what is happening in this mechanism. c) Why does ethanol use this mechanism rather than one