Objectives: The purpose of this lab is to observe the reaction of crystal violet and sodium hydroxide by looking at the relationship between concentration and time elapsed of the crystal violet. CV+ + OH- CVOH To quantitatively observe this reaction of crystal violet, the rate law is used. The rate law tells us that the rate is equal to a rate constant (k) multiplied by the concentration of crystal violet to the power of its reaction order ([CV+]p) and the concentration of hydroxide to the power of its reaction order ([OH-]q). Rate = k[CV+]p[OH-]q To fully understand the rate law, concentrations of the substances must be looked at first. The concentration is measured in molarity.
n (3) Solutions of aqueous sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid react to form water and aqueous sodium chloride. co NaOH(s) → Na+(aq) + OH–(aq) ∆H1 = ? Chemistry with Vernier py In this experiment, you will use a Styrofoam-cup calorimeter to measure the heat released by three reactions. One of the reactions is the same as the combination of the other two reactions. Therefore, according to Hess’s law, the heat of reaction of the one reaction should be equal to the sum of the heats of reaction for the other two.
Introduction: In Stoichiometry, you can figure out how much product is produced from a chemical reaction by using the starting amount of a substance, while using math. Stoichiometry is the study of the relationships or ratios between two or more substances undergoing a physical or chemical change (Helmenstine). Since all reactions are dependent on how much was started with, we use those numbers to get the product number. In a limiting reactant problem, an amount is given for both the reactants. The smaller amount will ‘limit” how much the reactant can produce.
The purpose of the lab was to determine which reactant was the limiting reactant, and to see how much of the other reactant was used. The true molarity of a compound can be defined as the amount of moles per liter of that substance. The equation of this single displacement chemical reaction done during this lab is 2Al(s) + 3CuCl(aq) → 3Cu (s) + 2AlCl2 (aq). In the reaction, the solid Aluminum replaces the Copper in Copper (II) Chloride to produce solid copper, and Aluminum Chloride. In order to find which reactant is the limiting reactant, an equation based on the molarity of the Copper (II) Chloride may be used, or the products of the reaction may be observed.
* In heterogeneous equilibria two or more phases are present. * Because the concentrations of pure solids and liquids are constant, these substances are left out of the equilibrium constant expression for a heterogeneous equilibrium. Section 4 * If the concentration of all species in an equilibrium are known, the equilibrium-constant expression can be used to calculate the value of the equilibrium constant. * The changes in the concentrations of reactants and products on the way to achieving equilibrium are governed by the stoichiometry of the reaction. Section 5 * The reaction quotient, Q, is found by substituting reactant and product partial pressures or concentrations into the equilibrium constant
- signs of chemical change = changes the shape and color, creates a gas, distributes heat, Etc. - Chemical Change= Substance is formed into a completely new substance 2. Hypothesis: If the copper is being tested in these metals ( Copper, Magnesium and cupric chloride) then it would be the least reactive out of magnesium and zinc because it is the lowest among the three on the activity series. 3. Experimental Design: - Independent Variable: different types of metals: magnesium, zinc and Copper - Dependent Variable: amount of reactants observed for each metal - Control : The Air -Constants: The amount of chemical solutions, the time the metals were in the chemical solutions and size of each metal during the experiment 4.
In order to find the equivalent weight a titration of the unknown acid had to be conducted. Equivalent weight is the weight of the substance in grams divided by the average molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution times the volume from the titration in liters. If the molarity of your sodium hydroxide solution were too low then the equivalent weight would be off significantly. In order to calculate a decent molarity a short series of titrating was conducted using KHP. Find the molarity is essential to numerous amounts of future procedures such as equivalent weigh.
Theoretically speaking, if we use one granule of zinc and one granule of iodine opposed to one granule of Barium Iodide and one granule of Zinc Sulfate, the cost would be $.2123 in total for the elemental reaction and $.9265 for the double replacement reaction. In terms of safety, it is safe to say that the safer thing would be centrifuging since we are
Two disadvantages to automation are that it costs more and it is not easily changed. 6. A products margin is determined by subtracting its manufacturing cots (labor and material) from its price. Logically, higher prices and lower labor and material costs result in higher margins. Keeping in mind the customer buying criteria, how would you increase margins for a low end product?
This explanation can be demonstrated in table 3 also because the results of the reactions demonstrates that chloride reacted more by the color of the product compared to the color of chloride in the mineral oil. Also it also demonstrates that iodine is the weakest oxidizing agent because the results show that iodide didn’t change much from the color that it showed in the mineral oil. In example 6 we have shown the activity series for the halogens used in this