Chapter 2 — the Dynamic Environment of International Trade

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Teaching Objectives This chapter has a short history of international trade. Included is a history of GATT and the role of multinationals from the end of World War II through the decade of the nineties and beyond. The aim of this chapter is to provide a brief overview of the international trade issues that constitute the environment of global business. Issues reflecting the political and economic trade policies that affect how international business is conducted. The teaching objectives are to: 1. Provide some insight into the balance of payments and the relationship of a country’s current account and balance of trade. 2. Show the U.S. government’s role in helping to ease restrictions on trade through the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act. 3. Explore the provisions and effects of protectionism on world trade and to show that no country, including the United States, has “clean hands” when it comes to protecting home markets. 4. Illustrate the types of trade barriers that may confront a business. 5. Explore how GATT and the new World Trade Organization are designed to eliminate trade restrictions and provide a means for countries to settle trade disputes. 6. The importance of the Internet to global business. Comments and Suggestions 1. The discussion on the evolution of the multinational company during the 20th Century and the decade of the nineties may be used as an extension of the discussion of Chapter One since it illustrates the changing role of the U.S. multinational. The focus in this section is how the relative importance of U.S. MNCs after WW II changed from one of dominating world markets to a more competitive world market where U.S. multinationals compete with strong multinationals from Japan, Western Europe, Asia and many developing countries. This competitive environment is forcing MNCs to examine new ways to remain competitive. Some of these

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