How did China’s culture change after the decline of the Han dynasty? 9. What were some of the main causes of the decay and fall of the western Roman
What did the Russian Orthodox church do in 1996? Why did they do this? What is Religion and What Role Does it Play in Culture? 9. What two areas of human geography lie at the foundations of culture?
A major turning point in history is the ‘conversion’ of the emperor Constantine to Christianity in, or about, 312 AD. Historians have wondered at this idea. This occurred when the Roman Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity. The result was the end of harassment of Christians and the beginning of Christendom. Emperors were not at all glad and felt indifferent to Christianity.
Eventually the Islamic empire was weakened from civil war and political issues. Their growth was eventually stopped by the Christians in 1492. During the conquest of Syria and Palestine, the Muslims captured the rich Syrian trade center Damascus in 635, which became their capitol and the location of the caliphs. One year later Islam had took control of the Mediterranean coast reaching from Palestine to the Taurus Mountains. Islamic leaders decided not to advance any farther north, because they were opposed to climbing over the Taurus Mountains, and were intimidated by the military strength of the Byzantine that would be in the middle of the empire.
Explain the problems involved in bringing the Great Schism to an end. How were these problems overcome? Beginning in 1378 and lasting until 1414, the Great Schism split the loyalties of the Church and Christendom between a number of Popes. Beginning after the College of Cardinals elected two conflicting Popes (one in Rome and one in Avignon) in 1378; the ending of the Schism proved to be problematic. These problems can be divided into two major components.
5. What is the difference between Sunni and Shia Islam? 6. In what ways were Sufi Muslims critical of mainstream Islam? 7.
How did Alexander the Great’s conquests affect the history and culture of the Near and Middle East? Compare the lives and careers of Cyrus the Great of Persia and Emperor Ashoka of India. Who was the greater conqueror? Who do you consider did more for their people? Who do you think was the greater, better leader?
The western popes did not acknowledge the emperors authority therefore straining the already tense relationship between the east and west. Over the centuries, the two branches of Christianity grew further and further apart until they became two separate churches- the Catholic west and the Orthodox east. In the mid 1000’s, the patriarch of Constantinople excommunicated each other, and they became what is known today as the Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches. The Byzantine Empire has contributed much
Fall of the Western Roman Empire The Western Roman Empire existed between late 7th century B.C. and early 6th century A.D. It was considered for a period of time to be the most advanced technology empires of its time, until a certain point when thing started spiraling downhill. The fall of the Western Roman Empire was due to three important reasons; the development of Christianity, the abundance of slaves, and Germanic/barbarian invasions. One of the main reasons for the decline of the Roman Empire was the development of Christianity.
For instance, “the sale of indulgences for the benefit of the church of Rome specifically for the rebuilding of St. Peters Cathedral provoked harsh criticism, especially by those who saw the luxuries of the papacy as a betrayal of apostolic ideals ” (Fiero 119). Martin Luther stated a list of objections, called the Ninety-Five Theses, against the Roman Catholic Church. The Protestant Reformation changed the course of Western civilization for the long term which led to the impact on the arts using Northern Renaissance art, music and literature. Protestant reformers made two new printmaking processes, which were woodcut and engraving. Compared to the too expensive hand-illuminated manuscripts, books with printed pictures became an inexpensive option for all (Fiero 127).