Throughout the book Beccaria mentions many views that he believed are effective and precise. Beccaria believed in two theories along with some other philosophers of his time retributive and utilitarian approach. Retributive approach maintains that punishment should be equal to the crime done, in other words, an eye for an eye. The utilitarian approach states that punishment should in fact increase the total of contentment in the world. Better said Beccaria stressed that the method of punishment selected should be one that helps the public.
Because the overall objective of Restorative justice is to involve all stakeholders, it requires the assumption that crimes or violations are committed against real individuals, rather than against the state. It serves as an advocate’s restitution to the victim by the offender rather than retribution by the state against the offender. Instead of continuing and escalating the cycle of violence, it tries to restore relationships and stop the violence. Victims’ respond to this as a need because it helps them feel what they want to feel most and that’s safe. Some of the most important components a victim needs and desires are to feel safe, to have support and most importantly to have a voice.
He was into music, literature, and philosophy, and often wrote letters with many of Europe’s leading thinkers such as Voltaire. Frederick openly praised Voltaire’s work. The first actions he took as king were to reduce the use of torture and allow a free press. Most of Frederick’s reforms were in making the government of Prussia more efficient. In order to carry this plan out, he reorganized the government’s civil service and simplified
Niccolò Machiavelli, born on the third day of May 1469 was an Italian author of numerous plays, comedies, poetry and other works. However, his work, The Prince, was the most famous of all his literary compositions. In this book, Machiavelli, describes ways to attain and hold power, through which a prince can maintain a working government and relations with outsides foreign states. He states many rules to Power Politics, based on the belief that a state's leader should think logically and act upon that logic with the same convictions. Some of the ideas from The Prince are considered, by some, to be quite brutal, but no matter the moral relativity of his philosophy, many of these ideas still ring true in the world today.
From Bordeaux, Fermat went to Orléans where he studied law at the University. He received a degree in civil law before, in 1631, receiving the title of councillor at the High Court of Judicature in Toulouse, which he held for the rest of his life. Due to the office he now held he became entitled to change his name from Pierre Fermat to Pierre de Fermat. Fluent in Latin, Basque, classical Greek, Italian, and Spanish, Fermat was praised for his written verse in several languages, and his advice was eagerly sought regarding the emendation of Greek texts. He communicated most of his work in letters to friends, often with little or no proof of his theorems.
154) After the rise of Julius Caesar the whole Mediterranean world became under roman legeslation. (pg.154) One of the most profound leaders under Julius Caesar, Marcus Cicero a philosopher who oppossed tyranny and political corruption. (pg.154) Cicero believed that monarchy, aristocracy and Democracy were the three principles of construction to a good government. (pg.155) Rome was more based on a legeslative attack, romans in the old days are more recollected for having great knowledge of the world we live in today. One of the most influential people in Rome was Marcus Cicero, a great philopsoper as we say and exam most of his work today we see a story of a honored and respected man as well as loyal, but his loyalty would prove to be his greatest downfall and which would lead to his exicution.
Citizen Kane is a 1941 American dramatic film, and the first feature film directed by Orson Welles. The film follows the life and career of Charles Foster Kane, a man whose career in the publishing world is born of idealistic social service, but gradually evolves into a ruthless pursuit of power. Movie was narrated principally through flashbacks, the story is revealed through the research of a newspaper reporter Mr. Thompson seeking to solve the mystery of the newspaper magnate's dying word, "Rosebud". Both films, Amores Perros and Citizen Kane are narrated through flashbacks which show at the beginning and at the end. Each character in each Amores Perros had a relationship with there dog.
Consensus theory means any area dealing with a problem where several objects must be simplified to one. This paper will research thorough back ground of crime including the main themes associated with crime, why crime is committed, the four main perspectives of crime (legalist, political, psychological, sociological), and how society perceives crime. This paper will also research how consensus is formed among society and what factors play a role. Research as to how deviance, social norms and theories all have a vital role in how society form consensus. A clearer understanding of consensus theorists will be examined and the ideologies behind these individuals.
Fubini’s Theorem Guido Fubini, born 19 Jan 1879 in Venice, Italy, died 6 June 1943 in New York, USA, was a great mathematician that added a great theorem to the concept of calculus. Guido Fubini's father Lazzaro Fubini was a mathematics teacher at the Scuola Macchinisti in Venice. Guido Fubini came from a mathematical background and was influenced by his father towards mathematics when he was young. In 1896, Fubini entered the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. There he was taught by Dini and Bianchi who quickly influenced Fubini to undertake research in geometry.
QUESTION 2 PRODVIDE A CRITICAL EXPOSITION OF THE VICTIM SUPPORT AND EMPOWERMENT MODELS INTRODUCTION Two basic models – Victim service can be delivered as a specific form of welfare or charity – with ideology of care Victim service can be part of the administration of criminal justice – governed by administration of criminal justice system – governed by the ideology of human rights or a just society. The ideal would be a mixture of both these models – argued the importance of a third model – Victim services as integral part of crime prevention. 1.DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS 1.1EMPOWERMENT - The process by which individuals gain better control of their lives – the ability to contribute positively to shaping the society they live in. Is about creating choices and to make use of better opportunities. 1.2VICTIM EMPOWERMENT – the process by which each individual who has suffered harm or violence is helped to deal with their grief and resentment enabling them to become more positive, proative members of society.