Animal cells tend to have fewer and larger Golgi apparatus. Plant cells can contain as many as several hundred smaller versions. The Golgi apparatus receives proteins and lipids (fats) from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. It modifies some of them and sorts, concentrates and packs them into sealed droplets called vesicles. Depending on the contents these are despatched to one of three destinations: Cytoplasm-The cytoplasm consists of all of the contents outside of the nucleus and enclosed within the cell membrane of a cell.
In plants, microfibers form through parallel aligned chains of Cellulose bound by hydrogen bridges formed by the hydroxyl groups of glucose. These microfibers form superimposed layers of cellulose, with other fibers running at 90 degrees in multiple layers. With this layout, the cell wall of plants is very rigid, allowing the plant to gain form and structure, whilst still having some elasticity for varying levels of plant tugor pressure. The fibers are further cross-linked by hemicellulose. The cell wall protects the cell's plasma membrane.
SER lacks ribosomes and participates in lipid synthesis and detoxification. The Golgi apparatus is a system of membranous cisternae and vesicles arranged in stacks near the nucleus. The Golgi processes and modifies sugar side chains on proteins that are being secreted or destined for the plasma membrane or other membrane-bound organelles like the lysosome. Therefore, the Golgi apparatus is particularly prominent in cells synthesizing large
Organelles include mitochondria, Iysosomes, the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria: Every cell in the body has at least 1000 of these rod-shaped, spherical bodies and very energetic active cells like muscle and liver cells will have much more. Mitochondria are concerned with energy release. Each mitochondria has a double layered membrane but the inner layer is folded at intervals, which produces a series of ridges known as cristae. The enzymes responsible for the end stages of glucose oxidation are located on the cristae.
PROTEINS 6: A difference in the concentration of a chemical on both sides of a membrane leads to which of the following phenomena? DIFFUSION 7: Which of the following eukaryotic organelles is responsible for the production of ATP? MITOCHONDRION 8: Glucose is A MONOSACCHARIDE Glucose is a monosaccharide; it is both an important energy molecule by itself and a building block of more complex carbohydrate 9: Which of the following is considered a neutral pH? 7.2 10: Due to the semipermeable nature of a phospholipid membrane, all of the following types of substances will normally be kept on one side of the membrane EXCEPT NON-POLAR MOLECULES 11: A molecule that gains an electron from another molecule will experience A REDUCTION in its overall electrical charge. 12: Hydrolysis reactions ARE EXOTHERMIC 13: If a molecule is described as "organic," this means it CONTAINS CARBON AND HYDROGEN 14: Glucose is a sugar with six carbons.
Only the enzyme will fix the substrate because of the active sites on the enzyme. Once locked together, the enzyme can break down the substrate (Hudon-Miller, 2012c). An example of this is Sucrose. Sucrose is considered a regular table sugar. It is composed of two monosaccharaides: glucose and fructose.
How Sweet It Is! Determining Percent Sugar ANONYMOUS Chemistry 6th Due: 3/21/12 Introduction Background Information Sugar is an import compound that is used by all complex living organisms. There are many types of sugar including glucose, fructose, and lactose. However, the type of sugar that is tested for in this lab is the common sugar used while cooking. This sugar is called sucrose.
P1- Describe the microstructure of a typical animal cell and the functions of the main cell components. The microstructure of a typical animal cell consists of a plasma membrane which is made up of two phospholid molecules, proteins and cholesterol. They form a lipid bilayer which is semi-permeable allowing only certain molecules to diffuse across the membrance. Cholesterol helps ‘to stiffen plasma membranes and is not found in the membranes of plant cells.’ Bailey, About.com. The nucleus regulates all cell activity and is bounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, this membrane separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
When glucose polymerises to become cellulose, water is eliminated and the structure becomes: The H and OH groups are omitted for clarity. It must noted that: for bonding to occur, alternate glucose units must be inverted as shown above; this bonding produces a very linear molecule due to the geometry of the rings and the C-O-C angles. * Biomass – material produced by living organisms, mainly it is plant material though it also includes animal excreta and algae material. Cellulose is the major component of plant biomass. * Cellulose as a source of chemicals – starch, another polymer of glucose, can be used as an alternative source for petrochemical products but there is more cellulose produced in plants than starch.
It is also known as the powerhouse. | | Cell Walls | Cell Walls are a outer protective layer for cells. | | Lipid Bi-layer | The Lipid Bi-layer is apart of the cell membrane that acts as a barrier. And only let certain molecules and and others out. |