The years between 1792 and 1850 were a crucial period for both the British and Chinese empires; Britain expanded to become the greatest maritime empire while China, which had been the greatest land mass empire, became a shadow of its former self as the two fought for supremacy and control of trade. As Britain was a relatively small nation, its empire was by necessity outward looking. Characterised by a series of informal settlement colonies, economic policy was the key to expansion and it focussed on trade relationships between the metropole and peripheries; these were supported by a strong bureaucracy and powerful naval fleet. Cultural ideology had a role to play, but it could be argued that it was never as important. On the other hand, the autarkic Chinese empire was formal, insular, economically self-sufficient and relied heavily on both bureaucracy and an ethnocentric ideology to sustain itself.
Despite the fact that the Chinese had a larger population, Portugal was the one who went on to become the dominant nation in the Indian Ocean during the Age of Exploration. This could be attributed to the fact that in 1433, the Chinese abruptly pulled out of the Indian Ocean Trade and returned to their former isolation. The differing ideals in politics, economics, and religious matters are what caused the Portuguese to be the leading country in the Indian Ocean Trade rather than the Chinese. Politically, China went through a golden age during the reign of the Ming Dynasty. In fact, under the leadership of Zheng- He, the Chinese managed to complete many voyages into the Indian Ocean during the 15th century due to their advanced technologies such as the magnetic compass.
Change Over Time Essay During the time period of 300-1300 CE, the Sui, Tang, Song, and Yuan empires had all come to power in China. All of which contributed to the changes and continuities that occurred in China during that time period. The Sui Empire (581-618 C.E.) of China was very important because it sprang from the political diversity of the period of disunion. After the fall of the Han Empire there was a vacuum of political instability.
As a result of Mongol contact, China became unified whereas the trace amount of Russian unity disintegrated. Though Russia and China developed in different manners, they shared an initial spark to their progression: Mongol rule. After their invasions, the Mongols controlled both Russia and China politically. In China, Mongol invaders began by reaping destruction in northern China. Yet, after their initial settlement, the empire became relatively peaceful.
During this time China created political and cultural forms that would last a very long time even till this day. Though the unified reign of the Qin Emperor lasted only 12 years, he managed to subdue great parts of what constitutes the core of the Han Chinese homeland and to unite them under a tightly centralized Legalist government seated at Xianyang. The doctrine of Legalism that guided the Qin emphasized strict adherence to a legal code and the absolute power of the emperor. This philosophy, while effective for expanding the empire in a military fashion, proved unworkable for governing it in peacetime. The Qin Dynasty is well known for beginning the Great Wall of China.
They isolated themselves from other countries; but after their imperialisms in the late 1800s, the countries went on different paths. China remained traditional and denied modernization and suffered because of it, while Japan emulated the imperial powers and became an imperial power themselves. Before the early 1700s and the late 1800s, China was a leading nation. China was fairly strong during earlier periods of history. It had a strong and peaceful government during the Qing Empire and imperial powers such as Britain and the U.S. were interested in Chinese goods.
He considered agriculture and commerce crucial and developed them concurrently. The tax system, monetary coinage and meteorology were all standardized. In culture, the emperor unified the Chinese characters in writing, which promoted the development of the Chinese culture. However, he also suppressed scholars who were not to his liking. Consequently, many opposing scholars were killed in Xianyang.
ECONOMIC REVOLUTIONS OF THE TANG AND SONG DYNASTIES Even though the Song military weakness eventually led to the dynasty's demise, it is notable for economic revolutions that led to Chinese hegemony during the era. China's economic growth in turn had implications for many other societies through the trade that it generated along the
However, whether or not China’s industry experienced a process of profound and radical change between 1949 and 1962 is a debatable topic, which can be argued either way. Firstly, it can be argued that the growth of manufactured goods transformed Chinese industry during the 1950s. The main aim of The First Five-Year Plan, which occurred between 1952-1956, was to industrialize china and concentrated on developing the growth of heavy industries such as coal, steel and iron. These materials were vital to build roads and other means of transportation. To a certain extent, the industry of China had been transformed within this period, particularly due to the advancement of these heavy industries.
This was instrumental in gathering support. Sneevliet and Borodin essentially organised both parties, the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party, however the Kuomintang had significantly a much higher membership than the Chinese Communist Party did. Moreover, The Soviet Union’s cadre also helped form the ideas of the Chinese Communist Party’s leadership and were therefore, also instrumental at its formation. The Soviet Union gave back concessions to China however, this only furthered the cause of Communism than any propaganda. The Chinese people could relate to the anti-Empire element of communism which attracted more Chinese people to support the Soviet Union and allow them to help aid the country to defeat the warlords in China and the Soviet Union be-giving the government in league with the warlords.