Caste War Essay

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(1847 - 1904) The Caste War is a well-known episode of the Yucatecan past and had a profound influence on the history of Northern Belize. It was not only the largest and most successful of Yucatan's rural rebellions, but also the central event in the peninsula's modern history and the source of much of Northern Belize's culture. No single element alone instigated the rebellion, but as in most revolutions, a long dominated underclass was finally pushed to its limit by an overbearing ruling class that performed intolerable deeds. Indentured servitude, land grabbing, and water rights were but a few issues that pushed the Maya into full fledged revolt. Historians have attributed a number of theories for the cause of the war: The opening of the Caste War is traditionally thought to have been the execution of three Maya at Valladolid, Yucatán, for planning an uprising which may have been originally intended to be political rather than a race war. The War seemed rooted in the defense of communal lands against the expansion of private ownership, and as a reaction to the economic and political power and the cultural bigotry of the European Yucatecos. For the Spanish to maintain their control over the indigenous people of Yucatan, they had to devise ways to split the Mayan population and prevent them from uniting with each other. This painting by Marcelo Jimenez depicts a member of the Mayan hidalgo (nobility) presenting his captured brother before the Spanish landowner to be punished for trying to escape. The Spanish favored the Mayan hidalgos through granting them extra rights and privileges, and therefore won over an influential section of Mayan society. The hidalgos could then be used to control the other Maya who, through birthright, were lower down the Maya heirachy and therefore respectful to the hidalgos (indirectly the Spanish!). The seeds of the conflict
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