Caste System in India

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SOCIOLOGY OF INDIA QUESTION CRITICALLY EVALUTE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DUMONT’S THEORY OF THE CASTE SYSTEM IN PRESENT CONTEXT. ELUCIDATE WITH EXAMPLES. PINAKI DAS B.A. (H) SOCIOLOGY, 1ST YEAR ROLL NO: 20 Introduction From the dawn of time, human beings have lived into specific groups in mutual co existence. Since the time of the hunter gatherers to modern day humans, group segregation has been pivotal to describing societal patterns. The concept of caste has been of massive importance to the Indian Society. So what exactly is caste? In other words, the word caste originated from the Latin word “Castus”, meaning ‘pure breed’ which signified a notion of separation of people in terms of race, colour or even spiritual superiority. Caste is a form of social stratification characterized by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a style of life which often includes an occupation, ritual status in a hierarchy, and social exclusion based on cultural notions of purity and pollution. Its paradigmatic ethnographic example is the division of Hindu society into rigid social groups, with roots in India's ancient history and persisting until today. Caste System in India According to M.N. Srinivas, caste system has not completely diminished from India, but it governs the lives of more than 300 million Hindus. It is popularly understood as the fivefold division of society into: Brahmins signifying the intellectual and priestly class Kshatriyas signifying the kings and warriors who were administrators as well Vaishyas representing business and economic class Shudras who were meant to serve the three upper castes Untouchables meant to handle very lowly jobs such as managing dead bodies, or even manual scavenging. Srinivas argues that only the first
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