You could say that in the funnel model there are more suspects and defendants then there are inmates. The wedding cake model is where cases are separated into layers. The layers are separated by the seriousness of the crime committed. The largest layer of the cake, which would be the bottom of the cake, is made of or pertains to misdemeanors. Misdemeanors are less serious crimes where punishment usually consists of a fine, probation, or just a few days imprisonment.
Criminal justice funnel is the process through which the number of criminal matters that are pending is decreased until only a small percentage of cases needs to be resolved by trial advocacy and incarceration (www.ehow.com ). The benefits of criminal justice funnel prevent the criminal system from becoming overburdened. Nevertheless, due to the amount of trials and offenders who are incarcerated, this system saves man hours and money. What are the effects of criminal justice funnel? One of the effects of criminal justice system is cases are often dismiss or pleas are bargained for which is due to lack of evidence against defendants, less-serious offenders are put on probation where they are incarcerated only upon violation of probation or committing another crime.
Crime in America Liam C. Burke Bellevue University Abstract Crime in America has declined substantially since the 1990’s. Scholars, criminologists, sociologists, scientists and economists all have explanations for the trend. This paper will examine several theories to try and see a correlation and consensus on what has led to this decline. Crime in America Crime in America has continued to decline. Homicide is used as a benchmark for crime trends because it is the most accurately measured and most serious crime.
Another example of how statistics from the police and statistics from victim surveys are different is because not all victims report crime to the police for many reasons and therefore create what’s called “the dark figure” (The number of crimes that go un-reported, we have no idea how big or small this number is). One last example of how they differ is that the victims are left to classify the crimes that they have been fallen victim to, which means that the classification may be wrong changing the statistics, whereas the recorded crimes get classified by the police. The advantages for using victim surveys to studying patterns of crime are: able to triangulate the accuracy of official statistics; may be more valid, as official procedures don’t have to be followed and victims have their own say; victims more likely to respond due to no fear of reprisal; can estimate the overall levels of crime, as unreported crimes are included; they have a high rate of comparability. These reasons allow us to see all of the advantages for helping to decide how useful victim surveys are in understanding patterns of crime. The disadvantages for using victim surveys to studying patterns of crime are: Not all
In Chapter one, ‘Crime Control in America,” Rieman suggests that the criminal justice system has been designed to fail. Although there has been a slight decrease in crime in the more recent years, more specifically since 1992 the overall crime rates are declining; however a review of the criminal justice literature proves that prisons and police played quite a limited role in the national crime decline. He started off discussing the “Tough on crime” policies in which led to the largest prison expansion the U.S has ever known[i]. From 1980 to 2000, the U.S. built more prisons then it had in all of its history,[ii] creating what has been called an incarceration binge, mass incarceration, hyper incarceration, and a Plaque of Prisons. [iii] Rieman went through our history of recent Presidents, and there multiple failed policies they out forth in order to fight the war on crime.
Death Penalty Nearly half of Americans say that the death penalty is not imposed often enough (Newport). Yet the number of executions in America continues to drop. There was about half the number of executions in 2009 than 1999 (Thornburgh). Some say that the death penalty should not be used at all because we are not sure if the person is guilty. In fact, the death penalty needs to be imposed more often because it prevents the murders of innocent people, and the punishment should fit the crime.
aperPrison term policy recommendation proposal 1 Prison Term Policy Recommendation Proposal David Gastelum University of Phoenix CJA/314 Prison term policy recommendation proposal 2 As a Criminologist Advisor to a member of the State Legislature I will be advising on the recommendation of the proposed bill. The purpose of this bill is to ensure that armed robbery becomes a crime that many will think twice or even three times before committing. It seems that not that many criminals take armed robbery offenses seriously. The objective of this bill is to provide sufficient information for the legislature to pass the bill. The legislature will vote on whether or not to change the maximum term for those convicted of armed robbery.
The information presented below provides an aid to the numerical statement. [pic] This research hypothesis states in 2005, 11,346 persons were killed by firearm violence and 477,040 persons were victims of a crime committed with a firearm. Most murders in the United States are committed with firearms, especially handguns. In 2006, firearms were used in 68 percent of murders, 42 percent of robbery offenses and 22 percent of aggravated assaults nationwide. This allows us to reject the null hypothesis that there is no difference of violence & crime will increase or decrease with stricter gun laws.
For instance, the criminal will think twice before killing for fear of receive the strongest punishment. Death penalty actually is not an effective crime deterrent. This is because majority of people do not anticipate they will be caught. Some states in the United State such as New York, Hawaii, Alaska and Michigan do not use the death penalty had proved they had lower murder rate than the states that do. For example in 2004, crimes rate for states do not use the death penalty had 4.08 murders per 100000 inhabitants compare to states use death penalty had 6.32 murders per 100000 inhabitants.
With each stage of the funnel, less and less crimes are processed through the system. Many cases tend to be dismissed while others are referred for treatment or counseling. Probation is more likely the case when the courts don’t take the case any further down the system. “Joel Samaha notes, the U.S. Constitution requires the government to support every deprivation of privacy, life, liberty, or property with facts.” (http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/The-Process-of-Criminal-Justice.topicArticleId-10065,articleId-9909.html) Other ways of expressing the funnel effect is that there are way less inmates than suspects and defendants. This really helps get a visual on how the courts really decrease the amount of criminals actually taken fully into the criminal justice system.