Carrolls 4 Levels of Csr

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Carroll’s Four levels of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Case Study of Kenya Electricity Generating Company (Kengen) Limited By Elizabeth Kiarie 11-1582 Presented to the Faculty of Business and Economics Of Daystar University Nairobi, Kenya In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 16th April 2013 INTRODUCTION Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a buzz word in the corporate world and is increasingly becoming an acceptable and common practice in organizations today. According to Carroll (1991) the definition of corporate social responsibilities should not be restricted to general social responsiveness but an organizations focus in four areas of social responsibilities namely; economic area, legal, ethical and philanthropic areas. These areas give a more holistic understanding to corporate social responsibility and cannot be looked at separately but are intertwined. Carroll (1991) depicts these four areas diagrammatically in the shape of a pyramid as shown in figure 1 below: Figure 1 : The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility by (Carroll, 1991, p. 42) Carroll (1991) further explains that the base of the pyramid is the economic level that serves as the foundation for the other three levels as businesses mainly exist to make and maximize profits. He further argues that “philanthropy is highly desired and prized but actually less important than the other three categories of social responsibility” (Carroll, 1991, p. 42). The CSR concept has only recently been applied in developing countries like Kenya compared to the western world that has had CSR activities for over forty years (Kivuitu, Yambayamba, & Fox, 2005). In Kenya surveys show that the most concentration of CSR activities has been in the area of medical and health provision and justification for such

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