Treatments can be considered as preventions as well. Medicines to treat CAD include Lipid therapy, antihypertensive, and anti platelets. Lipid therapy consists of maintaining an LDL less than 100mg per dl. High blood cholesterol, a waxy, fat-like substance, builds up in the arteries. The higher the blood cholesterol level is the greater risk.
1) Coronary artery disease occurs when fatty deposits called plaque build up inside the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries wrap around the heart and supply it with blood and oxygen. When plaque builds up, it narrows the arteries and reduces the amount of blood that gets to your heart. This can lead to serious problems, including heart attack. 2) Coronary artery disease is usually caused by a build-up of fatty deposits on the walls of the coronary arteries.
1. Discuss the basic functions of Potassium in the body, please. * Most abundant intracellular cation in the body * Assist in controlling normal cardiac, nerve functioning, skeletal muscle contraction, and the function of both smooth muscles and endocrine tissues * Regulates the synthesis of glycogen and protein * The amount of K+ can influence intracellular osmolarity and volume 2. Please discuss the pathophysiology and etiology of Potassium imbalance. Hypokalemia * When the body has low levels of potassium (<3.5 mEq/L) it can lead to cardiac and respiratory arrest if the problem isn’t corrected.
Endothelial abnormalities are often the result of insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia, which are associated with diabetes mellitus (Chang, Daly and Elliot, 2006). Abnormalities in the endothelial tissue of the cardiovascular system can cause a build up of atherosclerosis, forming plaque and narrowing the lumen of the blood vessels (Johnson, 2008). Risk factors for atherosclerosis include type 2 diabetes mellitus (Johnson, 2008). If atherosclerosis is left untreated it can lead to a person experiencing a myocardial infarction (Johnson, 2008). Macrovascular disease is the primary cause of death in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Gardner and Shoback, 2007).
Atherosclerosis is a multi focal, smoldering immunoinflammatory disease of medium sized and large arteries filled by lipids. (Curtis M. Rimmerman, 2008) When plaque builds up the condition is called Atherosclerosis, the build up of plaque over many years.If the flow of oxygen rich blood to your heart muscle is reduced or blocked, Angina or a heart attack can occur. Angina is chest pain or discomfort. It may feel like pressure or squeezing in your chest. Pain can also occur in the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw or back.
bioloQuiz 9 Chapter 10 Question 1 Wastes are part of blood True False 2 points Question 2 A hematocrit is the % of ________________ 1. leukocytes 2. eythrocytes 3. platelets 4. clotting factors 2 points Question 3 Normal hemotocrit is ___% erythrocytes of total volume 1. 50 2. 40 3. 30 4. 45 2 points Question 4 The protein in blood that regulates osmotic pressure and pH is albumin True False 2 points Question 5 All of the following are PLASMA blood proteins EXCEPT 1. albumin 2. hemoglobin 3. fibrinogen 4. globulin 2 points Question 6 Which element in hemoglobin binds oxygen 1. calcium 2. zinc 3. iron 4. iodine 2 points Question 7 How many red blood cells in blood and how many white blood cells?
An excess of cholesterol has been linked in many cases to leading to heart attack, stroke, or atherosclerosis (fat deposits on the inner walls of arteries). Figure 11 Figure 11 Cholesterol is typically divided into two subcategories: HDL and LDL. As a fatty substance cholesterol cannot dissolve into blood, it requires LDL
‘Discuss the application of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) to the practice on mental health nursing with special reference to the links between its core principles and those of the recovery model’ Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to explore the history and key elements of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) that impact and complement mental health nursing models, aspirations and basic care. The assignment will make reference to its past history, the core principles and future developments. The author will use past treatment methods, before the introduction of CBT with reference to depression. It is the intension of the author to show an understanding of the principles and practice of CBT, with the rationale for using two cognitive behavioural approaches. The author will examine the limitations and restrictions of CBT in the wider principles of mental healthcare provision and consider how the application of CBT within the practice of Mental Health Nursing can influence the possible future development and advancement, of new nursing models/concepts of nursing practice, in particular the author will examine the impact of CBT with the recovery process.
Peter’s past medical history showed Ischemic Heart disease, Angina, and Aortic Valve Replacement. Following Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) protocol Peter was placed on the cardiac monitors and his vital signs observed half hourly. Observations showed sinus tachycardia 120 beats per minute (BPM), pyrexia (temperature of 39.6) and hypotension (systolic blood pressure 85mmHg) (SIGN 2007). Myocardial infarction (MI) refers to necrosis of myocardial cells caused by cessation or severe reduction in the blood supply (Jowett and Thompson 1995). Following an MI irreversible necrosis of a portion of heart muscle results due to prolonged ischaemia (Lilly 1998).
It could be chronic and is caused by the narrowing of the coronary artery and limitation of blood supply to part of the muscle. It also could be acute, which is the result from plaque suddenly rupturing. The inner wall of an artery is damaged. Some fatty deposits or plaques made up of cholesterol and other cellular waste products will accumulate at a site of injury in a process called atherosclerosis, the hardening of arteries. If the surface of the plaques break or rupture, blood cells, called platelets will clump or clot at that site to try and repair the artery.