To accept a project, the IRR is equal to or greater than or equal to the required rate of return. If the IRR is less than the required rate of return, then it is rejected. IRR is important to organizations as it’s typically in line with the goal of maximizing shareholder wealth. The NPV is the Net Present Value. NPV can be defined as a capital-budgeting decision criterion defined as the present value of the free cash flows after tax less the project’s initial expenditure.
Balance sheet and income statement within a company are connected by net income. The connection displays or shows the activity of the company’s increase or decrease in equity during a period. Therefore, increases or a gain within an organization is conveyed as the equity portion on a balance sheet. However, a balance sheet displays the company’s liabilities, assets, and investors’ equity. The balance sheet connects to income statements, in turn also connected to cash flow statement.
Liquidity Ratios Liquidity ratios provide information about a firm's ability to meet its short-term financial obligations. The current ratio is the ratio of current assets to current liabilities: Current Ratio | = | Current Assets | | Current Liabilities | | * Interpretation: Current ratio comes from total assets divided by current liabilities. Current assets include cash, accounts and notes receivable (less reserves for bad debts), advances on inventories, merchandise inventories, and marketable securities. This ratio measures the degree to which current assets cover current liabilities. The higher the ratio the more assurance exists that the retirement of current liabilities can be made.
Profit ratios are used to determine the overall efficiency of the firm in generating returns for its shareholders. Assets utilization ratios help managers to determine how the company is using its assets to generate sales and profits. Liquidity ratios measure the ability of the company to meet its debt obligation on a timely basis. The ratios used to determine liquidity are the current ratio and quick ratio. Capitalization ratios evaluate the financial leverage of a company.
Solvency ratios this is one of many ratios used to measure a company’s ability to meet long-term obligations. The solvency ratio measures the size of a company’s after-tax income, excluding non-cash depreciation expenses, as compared to the company’s total debt obligations. It provides a measurement of how likely a company will be to continue meeting its debt obligations. Users who may be interested in each type of ratio? Liquidity ratios are used by suppliers and other trade creditors.
Debit - Duty or obligation to pay money, deliver goods, or render service under an express or implied agreement. Use of debt in a firm's financial structure creates financial leverage that can multiply yield on investment provided returns generated by debt exceed its cost. Because the interest paid on debt can be written off as an expense, debt is normally the cheapest type of long-term financing. 11. Yield - Annual income earned from an investment, expressed usually as a percentage of the money invested.
Answer | | If new debt is used to refund old debt, the correct discount rate to use in the refunding analysis is the before-tax cost of new debt. | | | The key benefits associated with refunding debt are the reduction in the firm's debt ratio and the creation of more reserve borrowing capacity. | | | The mechanics of finding the NPV of a refunding decision are fairly straightforward. However, the decision of when to refund is not always clear because it requires a forecast of future interest rates. | | | If a firm with a positive NPV refunding project delays refunding and interest rates rise, the firm can still obtain the entire NPV by locking in a low coupon rate when the rates are low, even though it actually refunds the debt
Based on that, Corporation B is desirable to Corporation A as it has a greater net present value. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is defined as the discount rate that equates the present value of the project’s free cash flows with the project’s initial cash outlay (Keown, A. J., Martin, J. D., & Petty, J. W. (2014). Based on the Internal Rate of Return rule, an investment is suitable if the Internal Rate of Return exceeds the required return, it should be rejected otherwise. Based on that, Corporation B is preferred over Corporation A since the former has a higher Internal Rate of Return. Examining the above, the Net Present Value and the Internal Rate of Return are closely related.
To increase their financial performance the company should increase their financial leverage and rely on more debt to finance their assets. The average return on equity for Costco between 1999 and 2008 was .92 compared to the industry average of 1.19. Costco’s below average return on equity is mainly because of its profit margin. Since Costco’s profit margin is significantly below the average, it is affecting the company’s return on equity. In order for Costco to improve on their financial performance, the company needs to handle their cost associated with their operations.
Under historical cost accounting method, price paid by a company during the purchase of assets is the one that matters; the price reflected on the balance sheet is either the purchase price or a value reduced by obsolescence, depreciation or depletion. This method of accounting is easy to follow since it is based off fixed and certain inputs. While this removes all uncertainty from the initial valuation decision, it creates uncertainty in true future value of assets. However, when a firm based its financial statements on fair value accounting method, the value of the amounts will fluctuate from time to time compared to when historical cost accounting is used. The value of items accounted for using fair value method change at lower rate making them less likely to lose value in a drastic way.