Different motivation stands for each of these people in what they did for the reformation. Calvin born and raised a Frenchman, had received a degree in law to find out he was not interested in the subject had changed his interest in life to religion reformation. At a young age Calvin had been in an area where the population was being stirred by the writings about the Catholic Church by Luther and Erasmus. Calvin was enlightened by the idea and thought that Luther had about the Catholic Church. Calvin’s motivation for his acts during the reformation was to start a transition into making and becoming a healthy Church that was seen correct under the eyes above the Bible.
The Renaissance monarchs were growing impatient of the Church, and society was growing to become more humanistic and secular, as well as individualism. Various other religions were established as well, with Luther’s teachings leaving their mark well past Luther’s own existence. The Reformation in Western & Central Europe officially began in 1517 with Martin Luther (1483-1546) and his 95 Theses. This was a debate over the Christian religion. Luther’s arguments referred to a direct relationship with God and using the local vernacular to speak to the people.
Martin Luther in On Christian Freedom wrote, “For Holy Scripture makes no distinction between them, except that those who are now boastfully called popes, bishops, and lords….” He said that Pope or bishop are no different than other people. The Condemnation of Wycliffe 1382 and Wycliffe's Reply, 1384, Wycliffe wrote, “That if a man has been truly repentant, all external confession is superfluous to him or useless.” Wycliffe presented his view on Catholic Church and was excommunicated by Pope Gregory XI because Wycliffe asserted that people do not need bishop for
Great differences were also evident in the beliefs surrounding salvation. Lutherans believed in Luther's ideals of justice by faith alone. Luther wrote that works were not needed for salvation, but were simply a by-product of faith. The Catholic reform still put emphasis on the role of works in
The Protestant Reformation was a religious movement that significantly the political and social spheres of Europe. This reformation is a religious movement because Martian Luther and his colleagues came to understand that if sinners had to earn salvation by their own merits and good works, they would be lost and completely without hope. Pope Leo X told the people that indulgence was a pardon and he made people believe that you could buy your
Then the theory was applied to human development by Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner thought that the economy was a natural event and that it did not need any guidance in its evolution. And based on Sumer’s views they greatly contrasted the beliefs of the Social Gospel. Under the theory of Social Darwinism a person’s “fitness” was determined by their wealth, social status, and their property. And similar to Darwin’s actual theory the poor people in this case were seen as “less fit to survive” because they were seen as being lazy and inferior to the wealthy. Also the theory of Social Darwinism appealed to the protestant work ethic because they believed that anyone could become successful and prosper with hard work intelligence and perseverance.
Especially issues of social justice such as economic inequality, poverty, crime, racial tensions, child labor, inadequate labor unions, poor schools, and the danger of war. For Social Darwinism, wealth, social status, and property indicated a persons fitness to survive.While Social Gospel taught its followers to push for political reforms, while followers of social Darwinism disapproved of anything that the government did to help protect the weak. Due to Darwinism, poor people were seen as lazy, inferior, and less fit to survive. It appealed to the Protestant work ethic that anyone could prosper with hard work, intelligence, and perseverance. It supported the idea of laissez-faire policies of which the government should not regulate the marketplace or attempt social reform.
Where as Communist countries everything belongs to the state and the individual owns nothing. Communism enslaves an individual and takes away their freedoms. There is no freedom of religion and those who seek to worship God and read the Bible are often persecuted, sent to concentration camps or even murdered. Jefferson used the controversial metaphor in responding to the Danbury Baptist Association, a
Church - State Relations under Hitler and Mussolini. (What were the main developments in church-state relations under Hitler and Mussolini? 2010) Both Hitler and Mussolini were not religious men. However, in both Italy and Germany, the Church was seen as a source of huge power, with a wide influence. The Catholic Church was not alarmed at the rise of fascism, as it combated Communism, which was feared greatly by the church.
Against a supposedly Christian society that barely met the natural law knowable? When a Christian man has a great learning and profound intellectual charity the least he can do is to seek for the justice that is not among his people. That is the case of Thomas More, a humanist who gave the world in his Utopia a vision of a perfect communistic commonwealth. With Utopia More tried to transform his corrupt world in which he lived, to a dreamy and imaginary world, where everyone was equal, and where private property did not exist. For this, he uses not an ideal state, neither a Christian state, but a rational state that follows the natural law, a state which tries to make manifest that paganism is no better than Christianity, but that some Christians are worse than pagans.