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Show the gains from trade and explain the losses from an embargo. 7. Refute the misconceptions about comparative advantage. 8. Set up and analyze a multi-good model of international trade.
Kaplan, Steven E. and Ruland, Robert G., “Positive Theory, Rationality and Accounting Regulation” Critical Perspectives on Accounting, (1991). Existing agency theory fails as a positive theory since it does not provide theory of accounting regulatory development. Watts & Zimmerman are inconsistent w/ positive theory, since they evaluate rather than predict theories. If W&Z wish to argue normatively, they should not do so under the guise of positive theory. Failure of agency theory to provide a prediction of accounting regulatory development stems from its reliance on a rationality assumption which is both too narrow and too broad.
Bianka Ortiz-Salazar American Government Professor Z PS1350 State vs. Federal Rights April 10, 2013 Delegated Powers are also known as Enumerated powers which are a list of items that are found in the Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution. That Congress may exercise the powers of the constitution which is granted to the subject explicit restrictions in the Bill of Rights and other type of protections in the Constitution, not to prohibit by the United States. Historically the Supreme Court of the United States have interpreted in these provisions, The duties are that the Congress should have the power to collect taxes, duties, and to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare for the United
Break-even Analysis An enterprise, whether or not a profit maximizer, often finds it useful to know what price (or output level) must be for total revenue just equal total cost. This can be done with a breakeven analysis. Strictly speaking, this analysis is to determine the minimum level of output that allows the firm to break even, but it could be used for some other tasks. In this Appendix, we introduce: - The algebra of break-even analysis - Break-even diagram - Operating leverage I. THE ALGEBRA OF BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS Let QBE denote the break-even output level.
According to Kenneth Ferris and Barbara Petti, acquisition premium are represent as control premium, it is transfer controlling interest from the target to the acquires. As well as convey valuable rights and benefits which including operating policy and decision, voting rights to select director, and distribution of dividend to shareholders. The research on valuation for mergers and acquisition finding that M&A premium also associate with compensation from other economic benefits, like synergies related to transaction. Further reflect on the capital market pricing inefficiencies, which result from factors such as overestimate target’s value, overpayment and overbidding. The risk arise from bidders competitions give more power to acquirer to offer higher price and, thus, premium.
It has been long seen that the States individually cannot, with any success, pretend to regulate trade. The duties and restrictions which one State imposes, the neighbouring States enable the merchants to elude; and besides, if they could he enforced, it would be highly unjust, that the duties collected in the port of one State should be applied to the sole use of that State in which they are collected, whilst the neighbouring States, who have no ports for foreign commerce, consume a part of the goods imported, and thus in effect pay a part of the duties. Even if the recommendation of Congress had been attended to, which proposed the levying for the use of Congress five per centum on goods imported, to be collected by officers to be appointed by the individual States, it is more than probable that the laws would have been feebly executed. Men are not apt to be sufficiently attentive to the business of those who do not appoint, and cannot remove or controul them; officers would naturally look up to the State which appointed them, and it is past a doubt that some of the States would esteem it no unpardonable sin to promote their own particular interest, or even that of particular men, to the injury of the United
YTM call = YTM non callable + risk premium Determined by ability of being called, and how much of risk. It would cost to create the synthetic bond $ 98.783. Ask ( Price at which Issuer / Dealer is willing to sell the bond for. Bid ( Price at which Issuer/Dealer is willing to buy the bond. | | | | | | | | | |Treasury Bonds | | | | | | | | |Ask |Bid |Coupon | | | |81/4 May 00-05 |101.25 |101.125 |4.125 | | | |12-May-05 | |129.9063 |129.7188 |6 | | | |8 7/8 May 00 |104.5 |104.375 |4.4375 | | | | | | | | | | | |STRIPS | | | | | | | | | | | |
The Defendants argued that a federal common-law cause of action to abate GHG emissions does not exist, that the claims raised political questions unfit for adjudication by the courts, that Congress has displaced any possible federal common-law cause of action seeking regulations of GHG emissions, and that Plaintiffs did not have standing to sue on account of global warming.15 Relying on Baker v. Carr, the district court dismissed the Plaintiffs’ suits as presenting non-justiciable political questions.16 In Baker, the United States Supreme Court described the test of whether a case is justiciable, in light of the separation of powers doctrine, as “whether the duty asserted can be judicially identified and its breach judicially determined, and whether protection for the right asserted can be judicially molded.”17 Courts recognized six factors as
Realism, also known as political realism and classical diplomacy, in the context of international relations, encompasses a variety of theories and approaches, all of which share a belief that states are primarily motivated by the desire for military and economic power or security, rather than ideals or ethics. For example, a realist might believe that we should not interfere with the affairs of another sovereign state unless that state threatens the sovereignty of our state, humanitarian reasons alone are never adequate enough. I believe that in light of the global economy and information technologies neither school of thought is adequate at directing foreign policy in its entirety. Specifically, this paper will explore the strengths and weaknesses of the international approaches by comparing and contrasting political realism and a portion of Idealist belief, that of collective security. In order to understand the philosophy of collective security, one must first have a base understanding of Idealism.