Running Head: BRONFENBRENNER ANALYSIS Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory of Development HS5002-Survey of Research in Human Development and Behavior Abstract This research paper explains and analyzes Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory of development. It in detail describes each level: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem. After reviewing the literature, the learner felt that it was the microsystem that was most influential on her life but that all levels played an important role in her becoming an adult learner striving for her master’s degree. The learner discusses different aspects of her life as a child that are relevant to different levels of the ecological theory and relates it to her decision to obtain a master’s degree as an adult. Development is defined as the orderly and sequential changes that occur with the passage of time as an organism moves from conception to death.
Running head: The Educational Implications of Piaget, Vygotsky, and Ericson Exploring the Educational Implications of Piaget, Vygotsky and Ericson John Doe University Exploring the Educational Implications of Piaget, Vygotsky, and Erikson In every field, there are certain individuals whose research and contributions to their discipline have set them apart. Child psychology happens to be a field that is very complex and expanding with new research and findings. Those influential individuals are Piaget, Vygotsky and Erikson. Piaget is known for his stage theory of cognitive development, Vygotsky for his concept of the zone of proximal development. Erikson for his theory of psychosocial development, who believed that personality develops in a series of stages.
Green B.K 209010013 Career Psychology SP333 My systemic career development story: a theoretical re-telling The practice of career counseling has been derived from principles of career theory and counseling theory. In recenttimes, the fields of both career and counseling theory have undergone considerable change. One of the key concepts of the Systems Theory Framework is that all aspects of influence are taken in account when people are making decisions regarding their careers. The complexity of influences ranges from personal beliefs and interests to much broader dynamics such as political decisions, geographical location and socioeconomic status. It shows that human life is not simply linear and straightforward, but more compound and recursive, constantly needing reorganisation, adaptation and that there is always unavoidable change.
There is a general consensus among some sociologists that Bourdieu’s theory is a centrepiece in the explanation of the relationship between the education system and the culture of the dominant society. Bourdieu’s argument that the education system is the vehicle of the culture of the dominant society has been to a great extent influential in most societies, old and present. To a lesser extent some scholars and sociologists regard Bourdieu’s thesis as not precise and vivid enough on some aspects. It is therefore the objective of this write-up to define the key terms such as education, culture, capital culture, dominant society and to explore Bourdieu’s contribution as well as to highlight a few aspects his theory overlooked. Haralambos and Holborn (1994:3) view the culture of a society,” as the way of life of its members, the collection of ideas and habits which they learn, share and transmit from generation to generation.
Researchers have tested and advanced his theories and many existing views in cognitive psychology are based on Piaget’s theories. Piaget anticipated that cognitive development and development of mental abilities, happens as we become accustomed to the altering world around us. He described adaption as the nonstop process of using the environment to learn and of learning to alter to changes that come about in the environment. He suggested that adaptation consists of two related process which he called assimilation and accommodation. These two ways are the processes in which we interconnect with the environment.
The subsequent discussion offers an analysis of these levels and their influence to child development, and then the writer offers a personal analysis of the influence of the ecological theory in decision making. The theory suggests there are four levels of the environment that simultaneously influence individuals. Brofenbrenner suggest that we can’t fully understand development without considering how a person is influenced by each of these levels (Vander Zanden, 2007). Bronfenbrenner examines the mutual accommodations between the developing person and these changing contexts in terms of four levels of environmental influence: the microsystem, the mesosytem, the exosystem, and the macrosystem (Vander Zander, p. 8, 2007). The microsystem consists of the network of social relationships and physical settings in which a person in involved in each and every day.
In regard to nature and nurture, I feel that the book is accurate in stating on page 18 that they are interdependent upon one another versus separate and “against” one another. Regarding universality and specificity, Sternberg’s findings on page 21 shows that we must use a multi cultural approach to fit in with our multi cultural world that exists now. Finally, in regard to activity and passivity, I feel that the term the book used of bidirectionality on page 23 accurately to illustrate the “organism and the environment changing each other”. Using the bioecological lens to examine how development is impacted from childhood to adulthood is the discussion of biological supports and cultural supports and how we change and adapt across the lifespan. The book proposes that successful adaptation is benefited mostly by biological supports in the first part of life and then in changes later in life to cultural supports being more important
Ecological Systems Theory Affects of Development According to Brofenbrenner’s theory of ecological development there are four main systems that work together that influence a person’s development. Brofenbrenner developed these systems so he could better understand human development within the context of relationships that make up the person’s environment. The ecology of human development is the scientific study of the progressive relationships between an active, growing human being and the changing properties of the immediate settings in which the developing person lives. This process is affected by the relations between these settings and by the larger contexts in which the settings are embedded (Miller, J. 2003).
McGregor’s ideas suggest that there should be two approaches towards the management of people and that there are two different fundamental properties, which highlight a person’s behavior in a working environment and organizational life. He based his theory upon the work of Abraham Maslow’s the development of the five “Hierarchy Needs Model”: Biological and Physiological, Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem and Self-Actualization as to what attributes the entry level need to move forward by advancing in their career. Now that a slight understanding on what McGregor’s work was based on has been given, McGregor’s Theory X and Y can be looked at in a bit more detail, starting with his Theory X. Theory X assumptions to management roles or to the staff are that of they are lazy and unmotivated. They will avoid tasks and they dislike work, they have a negative view on human nature and would need working supervision.
Vgotsky Sociocultural theories and their application in education and information literacy Student’s name Institution name Abstract As one of the maim figures that have affected the contemporary constructivist theories, Vygotsky's publications has had cumulative influence, not only on the present psychological and sociological theories, but also on learning. A significant principle in his theory is the impression that the probable for cognitive development is restricted to a certain time period, which he term to be the Zone of Proximal Development [ZPD]. He deeply describes sociocultural theory and its application on education and information literacy (IL) research. Key words: Sociocultural, information literacy, the Zone of Proximal Development [ZPD] SOCIOCULTURAL THEORIES AND THEIR APPLICATION IN EDUCATION AND INFORMATION LITERACY RESEARCH LITERATURE REVIEW This essay discloses the application of sociocultural theories to information literacy research and curricular system. It describes the basis of this research in sociocultural approaches, particularly Vygotsky’s sociocultural based theory.