This is a neutralization reaction between a strong acid and strong base. Therefore the heat of reaction (∆H2) is called as the heat of neutralization of HCl and NaOH solutions. The ∆H2 calculated from this experiment is -6.6944KJ/mol. This is because the enthalpy changes when one mole of H+ ions from an acid (HCl) reacts with one mole of OH- from an alkali (NaOH) to form one mole of water molecules under the stated conditions of the experiment. In the final reaction of the experiment (Part C), solid NaOH will react with an aqueous solution of HCl.
Is There a Change in Temperature when an Alkali Neutralizes an Acid? Aim The aim of the experiment was to find out if there was a change in temperature when we added an alkali (Sodium Hydroxide) to an acid (Hydrochloric Acid) to neutralize it. Hypothesis We hypothesized that there was going be a raise in temperature as we add 1ml of Sodium Hydroxide at a time to the Hydrochloric Acid due to the neutralization of the acid. The neutralization is chemical reaction that causes an exothermic reaction. Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrochloric Acid Sodium Chloride + Water NaOH(aq) + HClaq → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) Variables Independent The independent variable of the experiment was the amount of sodium hydroxide that we added to the acid.
Abstract: The effect of temperature on solubility of potassium nitrate was demonstrated. This was done by dissolving the salt in distilled water at different concentrations and finding the temperature at which crystallisation occurred. From this a solubility curve could be formed. It was found that as the temperature increased, so did the solubility of potassium nitrate in distilled water. At 50C our results indicated a solubility of 89 g/100mL of H2O which was close to the known solubility of 80 g/100mL.
The equation for the reaction is known as: Metal + cold water [pic]hydrogen(H2) + metal hydroxide (MeOH) The reaction is very exothermic and had the tendency to allow the hydrogen to ignite a fire. Sulfuric acid is a very strong dehydrogenation agent which allows it to be a danger to people. We had tested this on sugar instead of an actual human being. The chemical reaction is very exothermic and causes the intense dehydration of the sugar. The Sulfuric acid is a catalyst for the reaction.
Chemistry 3/19/13 Calorimetry Lab Report Purpose: Calorimetry is the measurement of the heat flow into or out of a system for chemical and physical purposes. The purpose of this lab was to use calorimetry to find how much heat is absorbed or released when NaCl is dissolved in water. In this case, we will find the heat coming out of the system, in a chemical process. Hypothesis: Once the sodium chloride is put into the water, the temperature of the water will rise. Procedure: 1.
McGraw-Hill companies, Inc.) Although sulfuric acid served as the acid in the reaction, it is also the catalyst in the over-all reaction. Water, attached to N, is good leaving group so it is eliminated to form the nitronium ion. The ppt was further recrystallized and purified. It was first dissolved in hot dH2O and then hot gravity filtration was performed. Many insoluble substances were isolated and cream in color.
The boiling point can be reduced because of the vapour pressure of it would be the sum of water’s vapour pressure and the compound’s vapour pressure. (http://www.brynmawr.edu/chemistry/Chem/mnerzsto/steam_distillation.htm) According to this experiment, A here is the water and B is the clove. Because liquid boil in atmosphere pressure, so with the existence of water that have boiling point at 100ᵒC, the atmosphere pressure could be reached sooner. The solution resulted from the distillation in this experiment was extracted. To do extraction,
3.2 Hypothesis – When the tablet is heated the particles move around faster dissolving the tablet. 3.3 Prediction – The hotter the tablet the faster the tablet will dissolve within the Hydrochloric Acid. 3.0 Experiment Design 4.4 Variables and Controls Type Of Variable | Independent | Dependant | Controls | Characteristics: | Temperature of Tablet | Time taken for acid to react with tablet | * Same size beaker * Same Stopwatch and timer * Same amount of hydrochloric acid * Same number of tablets | Reason | The difference in temperature has been changed deliberately with the Bunsen burner. | The time will vary due to how fast the hydrochloric acid breaks it down. | The variables must be controlled so the experiment is a fair test otherwise the experiment is not accurate.
Zinc Chloride acts as the catalyst in the reaction. In some condition, heat supply is needed in the reaction. Alkyl halide can be prepared from alcohol by reacting them with a hydrogen halide, HX (X=Cl,Br, or I). The mechanism of acid catalyzed substitution of alcohols are termed SN1 and SN2, where “S” stands for substitution while sub-“N” stands for nucleophilic, and the number “1” and “2” is described as first order and second order respectively. The “1” or “2” is also represent the reaction is unimolecular or bimolecular reaction.
Hence, the carbanion has both characteristics of a good nucleophile and a strong base. Its basicity allows it to react with the electrophile carbon in a carbonyl group. Besides, Grignard reagent also works with acidic compound such as carboxylic acid, phenol, thiol, alcohol, and even water. One of the most important reactions is the addition of Grignard reagent to the carbonyl compound like aldehyde, ketone, and ester in order to produce the corresponding secondary alcohol and tertiary alcohol. In this experiment we will perform a Grignard addition to an ester.