'Break of Day in the Trenches' Analysis

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Isaac Rosenberg’s 'Break of Day in the Trenches' analysis Isaac Rosenberg’s poem 'Break of Day in the Trenches' serves to show the horror, cruelty and futility of war. Through irony and symbolism he expresses his opinions regarding the absurdity of war. Throughout the poem he also utilizes literary features such as personification, alliteration and diction to create a vivid imagery of the battlefield, thus strengthening his criticism of war. In 'Break of Day in the Trenches', the poet highlights the insignificance of war through the relationship between a soldier and a rat. Throughout the poem, the author uses a rat as a symbolic image. The rat in the trenches has distinguished himself due to the fact that the animal can very easily and uninterruptedly travels between the two opposing fronts, whereas the soldier does not possess such privilege. Rosenberg portrays the rat, commonly considered a filthy organism attributed to the spread of diseases, as the only one that finds the war ‘amusing,’ and an element of irony arises when the rat is referred to as the only “cosmopolitan”, even though they are commonly considered the lowest form of life. They are not only surviving, but benefiting from the given situation. The rat, with the personified qualities Rosenberg attributes it, seems to indicate the purposelessness of the war for humans; soldiers are being slaughtered in the war, while the rat freely “cross[es] the sleeping green between” and sprawls across the “bowels of the earth.” In other words, it is in fact depending its survival on the soldier’s dead corpse. Using the rat’s perspective, Rosenberg shows that in war the rat is superior, demonstrating that it has a higher chance of survival by discreetly moving through enemy lines and benefiting from the casualties, and, more importantly, aside from the rat no human- whether English, German or French-

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