Definition and description of schizophrenia in the DSM-5. Schizophrenia Research (2013), 150(1), 3-10. Tartakovsky, M. (2011). How the DSM Developed: What You Might Not Know. Psych Central.
Genetics Factor Behind Childhood Schizophrenia This research paper examines the role of genetic and environmental risk factors in the development of childhood schizophrenia. Childhood schizophrenia appears to be a disorder of development that results from a series of neurological insults from fetal life onward. Whether or not schizophrenia manifests in the result of a conglomeration of these factors, both genetic and environmental. Schizophrenia undoubtedly has a genetic component. The risk of inheriting schizophrenia ranges from about 10% for those who have one first-degree family member (mother, father, sister, brother) with the disease to about 40%-65% if the disease affects both parents and an identical twin.
Discuss the issues raised in the classification and diagnosis of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder it seen as the breakdown of thought processes and impaired emotional responses, some symptoms are hallucinations and delusions. Schizophrenia is classed in two different ways DSM and ICD-10. DSM is commonly used in America it has 5 sub types patient should display for six months before being diagnosed and treated for schizophrenia. Whereas ICD-10 which is commonly used in Europe as 7 subtypes patient should display for 1 month.
Explain how issues of validity and/or reliability may affect the classification and/or diagnosis of schizophrenia [10] Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder. This means it’s a loss of contact with reality, consistent with serious mental illness which typically includes delusions, hallucinations and disordered thinking. The disorder was first identified by Kraeplin(1986) who used the term ‘Dementia Praecox’. Bleuler (1911) later coined the term schizophrenia, which means split (schizo) mind (phrenia). Classification involves identifying groups or patterns of behavioural symptoms that occur together to form a type of mental disorder (e.g.
Gregory (2010) describes Schizophrenia as the perfect example of a severe mental illness. The world is an incomprehensible jumble for Schizophrenics and the line between delusion and reality is blurred, if not obliterated. The American Psychiatric Association (2013) categorises Schizophrenia as a psychotic disorder, with abnormalities in one or more of 5 domains. These are delusions, hallucinations, disorganised thinking and speech, and grossly disorganised or abnormal motor behaviour such as catatonia. If these delusions and beliefs are not understandable to cultural peers and not related to ordinary life experiences, they are deemed to be bizarre (The American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
The manuals are frequently revised and it has recently been updated to DSM V. There are five different types of schizophrenia; paranoid, disorganised, catatonic, residual and undifferentiated. The paranoid type believe people are plotting against them, are anxious, suffer from delusions, are suspicious of people and they respond to medication. The disorganised type is the silly mind and they suffer from the ‘flat effect’ which is a monotone voice and disorganised speech and behaviour. The catatonic type is when a person has problems with their motor movements; either uncontrollable motor movement or being stood like a statue and mute. The residual type is a milder form of schizophrenia and symptoms are reduced in number and intensity.
For most people, the voices they hear present no problem and are not associated with schizophrenia. Delusions Usually strongly held beliefs or experiences that are not in line with a generally accepted reality. Delusions associated with schizophrenia are probably distressing for you, or those around you, as they may be unusual or extreme. For instance, a patient might believe secret agents are following them or that outside forces are controlling or putting thoughts into their mind Negative Symptoms: Being withdrawn, being apathetic, and being unable to concentrate are all described as ‘negative’ rather than ‘positive’, because they show a reduction in thought or function. It can be very difficult to tell whether negative symptoms are part of the schizophrenia, or whether they are present because you are reacting to other frightening or distressing symptoms.
Schizophrenia is a disorder of the thought process where patients lose a normal sense of reality. They also have difficulty with basic cognitive functions such as thinking clearly and have disorganized thoughts, expressing feelings, and using appropriate behaviors. This disorder is characterized by the presence of strong delusions, which are irreversible false beliefs that patient’s entertain, even when their beliefs are disproved by presenting strong evidence. Another very characteristic symptom seen among these patients is the presence of hallucinations, both auditory and sensory, but predominantly auditory, which reflects an impaired perception of reality. There are several variants and subtypes of schizophrenia based on the patient demographics, severity and duration of symptoms and response to
Schizophrenia and Its Effects on the Hippocampal Region of the Brain Abstract This paper discusses the effects of schizophrenia on the hippocampal region of the brain. The paper covers schizophrenia symptoms as well as the activity of the hippocampus. Furthermore, the paper addresses the issues such as stress and chronic hyponatremia in regards to stress. Finally, this paper deals with volume reduction in hippocampal that is present with schizophrenia patients and the impact of that reduction to the functioning of the hippocampal region. Schizophrenia and Its Effects on the Hippocampal Region of the Brain Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder, afflicting approximately 1 percent of the world’s population.
There are three main symptoms of schizophrenia, delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorder. Delusions are false beliefs in which the person cannot change, such as believing they are a fictional character, or icon. Hallucinations are usually voices, sights, or visions that only the patient can hear, see, or even smell. These voices can make demands by ordering their victim to do things, or sometimes giving warnings. When a patient has a thought disorder, this usually means he or she has difficulty organizing thoughts.