Which type of intermolecular attraction (dispersion force, or hydrogen bond) exists in each of the following liquids? hydrogen bond hydrogen bond dispersion force hydrogen bond Predict which liquid in each pair has the higher boiling point. CH3COOH C2H5OH If the molecules in a liquid are weakly attracted, which of the following properties has a high value? vapor pressure (high when attraction is low) boiling point is low (it is only high when molecules are strongly attracted) viscosity is low (it is only high when molecules are strongly attracted) surface tension is low (it is only high when molecules are strongly attracted) Distinguish between a solid and a liquid at the molecular level. Solids and liquids differ at
It is known that chlorine is more electronegative than bromine, and thus chlorine is more reactive, and less discriminatory as to what it will react with, thus making bromine more “selective”. Another pertinent piece of information to look at would be stability. The stability of a free radical increases as the number of carbon substituents increases. Therefore, primary is the least stable and tertiary is the most stable. Also, the more stable the free radical that is left behind, the weaker its C-H bond strength will be.
When atoms bond together they share or transfer electrons to achieve a more stable electron arrangement, often a full outer main level of electrons, like the noble gases. There are three types of strong chemical bonds: 1.__ionic______, 2.____covalent____ and metallic IONIC bonding • Ionic bonding occurs between metals and non-metals • Metal atoms 3. ___lose___ electrons • Non-metal atoms gain electrons • Positive and negative ions are formed Sodium chloride has ionic bonding. [pic] • The sodium ion is positively charged because it has lost a negative electron
Test #2 ANSWERS CHM 101 Part I Multiple Choice (2 points each) 1. Which element is most likely to form three covalent bonds? A) C B) Si C) P D) S E) Se 2. A chemical bond formed when two atoms share two pairs of electrons is a ________ bond; it is best described as ________. A) double; covalent B) double; ionic C) single; covalent D) single; ionic E) triple; covalent 3.
Name___________________________ Period_________________ Chemical Bonds Review Sheet Part one Write the definitions for each of the following terms. Octet rule Cation Anion Ionic compound Monatomic ion Covalent bond Molecular compound Nonpolar covalent bond Polar covalent bond Single bond Double bond Triple bond Part 2 1. Which has a greater potential energy, a noble gas or a metal? Explain your answer. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2.
With the use of this technique we placed chlorine, bromine, and iodine into solutions containing chloride, bromide, and iodide. In the reaction the free halogen (X2) oxidizes the other halide ion (Y-) and gets reduced by gaining electron(s). In table 3, chlorine was the strongest oxidizing agent and iodine was the weakest oxidizing agent. Since chlorine was the strongest oxidizing agent it will react more and the weak agent will react less. This explanation can be demonstrated in table 3 also because the results of the reactions demonstrates that chloride reacted more by the color of the product compared to the color of chloride in the mineral oil.
Drops of Liquid on a Penny Introduction: This experiment demonstrates the intermolecular forces between molecules of a substance. These forces are responsible for the observed surface tension in liquids. Surface tension is the phenomenon where strong forces between molecules cause the surface of a liquid to contract. Intermolecular forces result from the types of atoms bonded together in the compound and the shape of the molecule. When two different atoms are bonded together, each attracts the electrons differently like a tug-of-war between two unequal teams, producing a dipole.
A) Hydrogen bonds are strong enough to confer structural stability, for example in DNA. B) Hydrogen bonds are weak enough to be easily broken (weaker than covalent bonds). C) They contribute to the water solubility of many macromolecules. D) All of the above Answer: D Page Ref: Section 5 27) London dispersion forces are attractive forces that arise due to A) infinitesimal dipoles generated by the constant random motion of electrons. B) permanent dipoles of molecules containing covalent bonds between atoms of very different electronegativities.
O O O O O O O O I I I O O O O O O I O O O I I O The top three are equally important. The first two on the bottom are of equal importance. I think the bottom right two will be most important (fewer formal charges), then maybe the bottom left structure (maximize bonding), then the top three structures. The order of importance isn’t entirely clear between the last two groups. (Argument between maximize bonding and put negative charge on the more electronegative atom.)
B) the two atoms sharing electrons are equally electronegative. C) the two atoms sharing electrons are of the same element. D) it is between two atoms that are both very strong electron acceptors. E) the two atoms sharing electrons are different elements. 9) The ionic bond of sodium chloride is formed when A) chlorine gains an electron from sodium.