Treatment of African Americans as second class citizens was still bad regarding economics in the north, but not as severe as in the south. For example, a mass migration of brought two million blacks to northern cities to seek out better economic opportunities. Also, unemployment in the north fell from almost one million to around 150000 by 1945. This was due to the creation of jobs in factories during World War 2, when it became easier for blacks to get jobs (although not as easy as it was for whites). In the
Due to this boom the amount of unemployed African American workers fell sharply from 937,000 to 151,000 making black Americans more equal citizens and less disenfranchised. Despite the alterations made in the North, in the southern states, African Americans were still predominantly employed in poorly paid agricultural jobs. As it did in the North the war caused a boom in the south as well, however black people were not able to get well-paying jobs until A. Philip Randolph threatened to lead a march on Washington unless jobs were opened up to black workers. This development though did lead to some progression, President Roosevelt in direct response created the FEPC in 1941, which was a solid win for the black
A major shift in the White-Americans’ City’s demographics evoked tension between White-Americans and African-Americans. This turned out be one of the bloodiest riots in the nation’s history. This evidence from before 1945 sparked the lack of improvement for African-Americans between the years of 1945 and 1955. However, the difference between the North and the South was that in the South segregation remained, and African-Americans were barred from all cinemas, restaurants and hotels; but eating, transport and education were not segregated in the North. As a result, it is fair to say that in this aspect, in the North there was some improvement for African-Americans after 1945.
With increasing demand for these facilities, organizations are seeing 25 to 60 percent increases (November 27, 1986). For example, the Holy Trinity Ministry to the Poor projected a 144 percent increase this year (November 27, 1986). The economy of Texas with an unemployment rate of 9.5 percent (1.5 percent higher the past year) along with the increasing number of transient out-of-towners has helped increase the problem with homeless being on the streets (November 27, 1986). In addition, the shortage of more than 45,000 units of low-income housing,
Just like previous wars, black resentment to serve in the military was demonstrated by many white folks. It is estimated that 380,000 African Americans served in World War I and only 42,000 were engaged in combat actions (Hine, Hine, and Harrold 2011, 431). Regiments like the 369th, the 371st, and the 372 Infantry Regiment became some of the most legendary fighting element of African American units. They were bestowed the French Croix de Guerre for the intensity of gallantry on the battlefield (Hine, Hine, and Harrold 2011, 432). Unfortunately, African Americans’ contribution to WWI did not alter white people’s perception about the African American race.
The War Labor Bond outlawed unequal pay to whites and non-whites doing equal work. Before the war, the African American population had been mainly southern, rural, and agricultural; within a few years, a substantial percentage of African Americans were northern, urban, and industrial. While discrimination in the workplace was hardly eliminated, twice as many blacks held skilled jobs at the end of the war as at the beginning. The northward migration of African Americans accelerated the rising demands for racial equality. As nearly 750,000 blacks relocated to northern cities, many sensed the possibility of political power for the first time in their lives.
In 1993, the community programs served over 170,000 people. State financial support to local programs has increased from $165.8 million in 1980 to $1 billion in 1993. This dramatic increase in state support for community mental health was made possible by closing state hospitals such as The Traverse City State Hospital that cost as much as $500,000 per bed per year. (Michaelsen
After World War Two the United States of America finally seemed to prosper after the Great Depression. The 1950s became the capitalist golden age. Society was classless; there were growing numbers of white-collar jobs, high wages for blue-collar workers, and few labor strikes. Everything seemed to be great, however the growth of the affluent society put many problems in the dark. African Americans were still unequal to whites; twenty percent of the nation had been in poverty, and the defeat of Nazism and imperialism brought on a new enemy to freedom: Communism.
In 1960, 40 million people of the American population were considered to be living in poverty out of the 176 million citizens in the United States. This staggering number was one of the facts that Michael Harrington revealed in his book The Other America (Meyerson). The book The Other America by Michael Harrington was significant in American History because it changed American society by exposing the amount of people in poverty in America and depicted their their lives in the poor urban ghettos to the middle and upper classes of society. The book made the impoverished Americans visible to the upper classes in American society and was attributed to dropping the poverty rate in America as the novel influenced Lyndon Johnson’s “War against Poverty.” In context, American college students were challenging the old ideas of how to make money. They protested against consumerism, materialism, and mania.
Their courage and part in the war led to the desegregation of the US Armed Forces in July, 1948. African Americans services received a great boost during the American Civil Rights Movement which terminated with the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which banned discrimination in employment, labor unions and public accommodations. It was at the beginning of this movement, that Dr. Martin Luther King Junior delivered his famous 'I Have a Dream' speech from the steps of the grand Lincoln Memorial. Political and economic rights were soon granted to the blacks. In 2000, there were about eight thousand or more black office holders in the United States.