A – Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics of Different Joints: Talorcrural Joint consists of the ligaments and muscles along with the distal tibia, medial malleolus and lateral malleolus which helps to structure a hinge joint and thus articulate on the talus.¹ Talus is the major weightbearer connecting the lower extremities to foot and allows for plantarflexion and dorsiflexion. ² However, the Subtalar Joint (STJ) comprises of the articulation between the talus and calcaneus and thus allow for pronation and supination of one’s feet. When pressure is established on STJ, it allows one to rotate their legs (extension and flexion on knees). These movements create profound reactions on one’s lower extremities leading to compensation. ³ Midtarsal
Also, there are preferred warm-ups that should be done instead of stretching that will allow the body to get warmed up instead of over stretching the main muscles being used (Arnheim, 2005). There are several body parts that may limit flexibility and may hinder performance. It is obvious that if a muscle is over stretched or under stretched it will not perform at a desired level. However, there are some anatomical body parts that can limit our flexibility. Age plays a large flexibility; it deals with how much elasticity our muscles have.
They may non weight bearing on affected leg and may be reliant on walking aids such as crutches or zimmer frames. Arthritis will also make it hard for a patient to move around as the joints will stiffen, especially after sitting for long periods of time. A Parkinsons sufferer will be unsteady on their feet and easily become off balance reducing the amount the person can walk, also their proprioception is affected and they will bump into objects. Also a person with limited or no sight will find mobility difficult as they may be limited to a very small area which they know well to move about in. Any health condition which affects balance such as inner ear problems will affect mobility as balance is very important to mobility.
Changing the bandage regularly. For a speedy recovery, always change and adjust the bandage of your knee, not too tight and not too loose. Doing passive and active exercises. Always perform the type of passive and active exercises that your physical therapist advises you to do. These exercises help you strengthen your knees and give you back your sense of balance.
When supporting moving and positioning activities, it is important to remember that muscles can only move the bones at a joint foe only as far as the joint allows. Example the elbow and knee have limited movement trying to force these could inflict pain and also cause damage, nerve fibres run through the body and can become damaged using poor moving and handling techniques. 1.2 There are a number of conditions that can impact on the correct movement and positioning of a person. Arthritis; people suffering with this have painful and stiffness in joints and can also have limited movements. Care should be taken not to force movement beyond the person’s ability so as not to cause unnecessary pain.
Muscles will weaken with age which causes stiffness and weakness to certain areas of the body. When moving or repositioning an individual it is important to be very careful because muscles can only move as much as they can. Bones in limbs are covered in tissue. It is vital to not put too much pressure on an individual’s arm, leg, and hands as it could lead to a fracture due to the fact bones aren’t as strong in elderly people. 1.2 Describe the impact of specific conditions on the correct movement and positioning of an individual?
Briefly explain what is meant by Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching. 11. Describe a flexibility/warm-up exercises that are considered to be potentially dangerous to the knee joint. Explain why the exercise is considered to be potentially harmful to the knee joint. 12.
The main purpose of the hip joint is to support the body and for locomotion. As such, the hip joint contains many ligaments, muscles, cartilage, tendons and a capsule in order to strengthen the joint and allow friction free movement between bones. Any degeneration of theses can lead to hip weakness. ------------------------------------------------- Clinical Indications The main causes of hip joint degeneration are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and hip fractures and a prosthesis is normally offered when these diseases begin to affect the everyday life of the patient. Figure 2 shows the effect of arthritis on the hip joint.
Whilst also completing a self-analysis of my discus performance as well as acknowledging two training programs that could improve my overall performance in this athlete event. Using biomechanics a person/trainer/coach can improve on the person’s athletic ability by deconstructing one performance. Biomechanical Evaluations Ideal Technique The ideal technique consists of performing the three phrases with perfect timing. Each phase must start and end in the right place whilst also connecting the other phases. Using biomechanics you can brake down the stages into semi-phrases.
If you don’t stretch your chances of pulling a muscle or hurting yourself in a physical activity rises. I’d like to talk about stretching before and after physical activity and the effects on muscle soreness and injury risk. There’s a big clinical question going around, among physically active people, does stretching before and after physical activity affect muscle soreness and risk of an injury? Stretching before or after physical activity can be observed daily in the clinical setting and in the community. Clinicians and patients use stretching to prevent injury, decrease soreness, and improve performance.