Family studies carried out by Gottesman in 1991 helped to look into this further. His studies concluded the following: Throughout the general population, 1% had the disease, 13% of children of people with it suffered but the highest family group connected to the person who suffered from schizophrenia was identical twins with 47%. This information proves that there is obviously a link between genetics and schizophrenia as it would seem the more genetically linked you are to a person suffering from schizophrenia, the more likely it is for that person to suffer from it themselves. However, the highest percentage of people most likely to inherit the disease from another person, identical twins, only account for 47% which is less than half of the population who could inherit, meaning that genetics are not entirely to blame and cant be seen as a completely accurate explanation for schizophrenia. The current belief is that there are a number of genes that contribute to susceptibility of schizophrenia, but none exhibit full responsibility for the disease.
The risk of inheriting schizophrenia ranges from about 10% for those who have one first-degree family member (mother, father, sister, brother) with the disease to about 40%-65% if the disease affects both parents and an identical twin. However,
Discuss biological explanations for depression (24marks) One of the most popular explanations of depression is genetics; this theory states that genes are to blame for the presence of depression. It also argues that depression, like many other illnesses, is an inherited one which runs in families. McGuffin et al (1996) conducted research on concordance rates using 177 identical and fraternal twins. They found that the concordance rate was 46% for identical twins, but only 20% for fraternal twins; these findings are significant as the concordance rate for identical twins is over double of that for fraternal twins. These findings support the biological explanation as it suggests that depression has a genetic factor.
The risk is highest for an identical twin of a person with schizophrenia. He or she has a 40 to 65 percent chance of developing the disorder (U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, 2009). It’s been proven that schizophrenia does run in families. However, the fact that there are multiple causes for schizophrenia including outside factors such as environmental causes proves the point further that no test screening is ever completely and entirely accurate. For example, just because a person gets the screening, and it comes back negative, doesn’t mean they may not develop schizophrenia later on in life.
1 Running head: [SCHIZOPHRENIA] Living with Schizophrenia April 13, 2012 2 Living with [Schizophrenia] Schizophrenia affects about 1 adult in 100, which amounts to more than 2 million people in the United States (International Schizophrenia Consortium et [al]. 2009; Perala et. al., 2007). “Nearly 1 million people are treated for schizophrenia each year, with about one third receiving hospitalized care” [Nevid, 2012, 443]. Schizophrenia is an interesting mental disorder.
Race and risk of schizophrenia in a US birth cohort: Another example of health disparity? International Journal of Epidemiology, 36, 751-758. Cannon, T., Rosso, I., Hollister, M., Bearden, C., Sanchez, E., & Hadley, T. (2000). Schizophrenia Bulletin 26 (2), 351-366. Castle, D., & Murray, R. (1993).
Describe & evaluate two issues in classifying and diagnosing schizophrenia (8+16marks) (24 marks) The DSM (diagnostic statistical manual of mental disorder) is used by American psychologists and psychiatrists for diagnosis of schizophrenia. This system states that symptoms of schizophrenia should be apparent for at least 6months. On the other hand the World Health organisation had developed another classification system known as the International Classification Of Diseases (ICD) which requires symptoms to be apparent for 1 month in order for schizophrenia to be diagnosed. The classification systems have different criteria for the classification and diagnosis of schizophrenia, e.g. the ICD recognises 7 subtypes of schizophrenia and DSM only recognises 5.
Janicak et al found that concordance rates for MZ twins are about 48% compared to 17% for DZ twins. Joseph conducted a meta-analysis of a variety twin studies, there was a concordance rate for MZ twins are about 40.4% compared to 7.4% for DZ twins. also Gottesman and Shields used the Maudsly twin register and found 58% of separated twins were concordant for schizophrenia. Another way that the bauture nurture debate is trying to be resolved is using bothe family and adoption studies.tienari et al study looked at164 finish adoptees that had biological mothers with schizophrenia it was found that 11 of the 164 were also diagnosed with schizophrenia compared to 4 of the 197 control adoptees who did not have biological mothers with schizophrenia. The studty therefore found that there were high rates of chronic schizophrenia in adoptees who had biological parents with chronic schizophrenia but had an adopted parent who was considered to be ‘normal’.overall it shows that therfe is not one right
The first explanation of phobias is the genetic explanation, which argues that phobias are hereditary. Most if the family studies conducted by researchers have found that relatives of those with phobias are more likely to suffer phobias themselves compared with relatives of non-phobic controls. A twin study by Slater and Shields 1969 found 41% concordance in 17MZ twin pairs versus 4% in 28 DZ twin pairs for any type of anxiety disorder. However even though studies have proven to support the genetic problems there are a number of difficulties with family studies. The main problem is that in most cases family members share the same environment so it can be argued that it was the environment that caused them to equally learn the behaviour instead of the genetic relationship.
A VIEW On schizophrenia Stephanie Torres Center for allied health College writing June 23, 2013 Abstract This Apa paper is a view on schizophrenia, it discusses the cause, treatments, symptoms as well as how this illness affects a persons daily life. Further more this paper addresses how society views this mental disorder. Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe disabling brain disorder. According to Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, Psychiatric nursing made Incredibly Easy,2004,p.139 affecting approximately 1% of the American population, one in every hundred persons. Its characterized by hallucinations, delusions thought disorder and social with draw.