There appears to be a tendency for schizophrenia to run in families. This suggests that genes play a role. Gottesman found that schizophrenia is more common among biological relatives of a person with schizophrenia and also that the closer the degree of genetic relatedness, the greater the risk. Gottesman conducted family studies and showed that when both parent are schizophrenic the children have a 46% concordance rate, however, if only one parent had it, it dropped to 16% and dropped to a further 1% when the sibling of the child had schizophrenia. This suggests that a genetic factor is involved.
Essay Plan Biological Explanations of Schizophrenia 1. Describe in some detail the genetic factors- family studies- Gottesman found that schizophrenia is more common among biological relatives of a person with schizophrenia and also that the closer the degree of genetic relatedness, the greater the risk. For instance, children with 2 schizophrenic parents have a concordance rate of 46%, children of one schizophrenic parent 13% and siblings 9%. Although this could be due to common rearing patterns or other factors not relating to heredity. Twin studies- Joseph calculated concordance rates of 40.4% for MZ twins and 7.4% for DZ twins.
A family study conducted by Gottesman reported that the rate of schizophrenia in the general population is 1% whereas the rate in people where both parents suffer in 46%. He also found that if one parent suffered the rate was 13%. Gottesman concluded that the closer the bloodline the higher the risk. He and Shields then conducted a study on the concordance rates of schizophrenia in 40 sets of twins. They found that in dizygotic twins the rate
Some psychologists say that schizophrenia can be inherited from their parents. Twin research has shown that identical twins have a greater risk of developing schizophrenia, if their twin has the
Bateson et al (1956) suggested that children who frequently receive contradictory messages from their parents are more likely to develop schizophrenia e.g. a mother hugs her child but then disapprovingly tells him off for being “clingy”. This is known as the double-bind theory. There is evidence to support the double-bind theory. Berger found that schizophrenics reported a higher recall of double-bind statements by their mothers than non-schizophrenics.
genes | A01 Explanations/Research | Strengths | Weaknesses | | Family and Twin Studies:Evidence for the genetic basis of OCD comes from twin studies and evaluations of first degree relatives. Nastadt et al. (2000) identified 80 patients with OCD and 343 of their first degree relatives and compared them with 73 control patients without mental illness and 300 of their relatives. There was a strong familial link for the most common form of this disorder. People with a first degree relative with OCD (parents or siblings) had a five times greater risk of having the illness themselves at some time in their lives compared with the general population.A meta-analysis of 14 twin studies of OCD, including 80 identical and 29 fraternal twin pairs,
About 400,000 Americans have DS 4. Lifespan 60 years, improved from 25 years in 1983 ( Global DS Foundation) C. Three Types: 1. Trisomy 21 (nondisjuction)- most common type; results in 47 chromosomes due to a replicated 21st 2. Mosaicism- occurs when nondisjunction takes place in all cells . This can result in some cells having 47 and some cells having 46 chromosomes.
In 75% of all cases in a twin study indicate ADHD is heritable and genetics are a factor. Twin studies have implicated environment factors into the development of ADHD. Studies have found that a moderate-to-significant proportion of susceptibility to ADHD may be accounted for by factors that are not shared by both twins. Non-shared factors may include poor school performance, difficult temperament-inflated self-esteem, impulsivity, low verbal intelligence, and biological events such as prenatal insult and head
Third, the subsample for the study was for parents who adopted children whose ages fell between one and a half years and eighteen years old. They divided the sample into two age groups. The first called the younger group was with children ages one and half to 5. The other was called the older group and contained children ages 6 to 18. Interestingly, the statistics show that gay and lesbian parents do well with older children, but have a high percent adopt children that are between the ages of one and a half and 5.
Also the percentage of children with an ADHD diagnosis that are being placed on medication jumped from 55% in 1989 to 75% in 1996 (Gibbs 1998). Now that I have illustrated some of the statistics behind our country’s ADD/ADHD children, perhaps I should talk a little more about what exactly an ADD/ADHD child is. ADHD does not have physical signs that can be recognized in the patient. Most diagnoses are made through observation and over a period of time. The most common behaviors fall into the three following categories: inattention, hyperactivity, and