Biodiversity Essay

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1. What is Biodiversity? ans. Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or an entire planet. Biodiversity is a measure of the health of ecosystems. Greater biodiversity implies greater health. Biodiversity is in part a function of climate. In terrestrial habitats, tropical regions are typically rich whereas polar regions support fewer species. "Biological diversity" or "biodiversity" can have many interpretations. It is most commonly used to replace the more clearly defined and long established terms, species diversity and species richness. Out of the 1.4 million known species of living organisms only about 2,50,000 are higher plants and 1.03 million are animal (WWF, 1989). According to another estimate, worldwide there are 2,70,000 known species of vascular plants. A] Biodiversity in Gujarat:- 1.Biodiversity of Gujarat:- Gujarat is home to nearly 7,000 species of plants and animals. Its geographic location is characterized by the mountain ranges of the Aravalies, the Vindhayns, the Satpuras, the Sahayadris and the longest coast line among Indian states. It is famous for its unique saline desert, called Rann, which is seasonally inundated with seawater. Gujarat also has several distinct biogeographic zones1 reflecting a wide range of ecological diversity. It is also remarkable that each of its four biogeographic zone and five biotic provinces2 have at least one Protected Area (PA). Natural ecosystems of Gujarat range from wetlands (19,841 sq. km), grasslands (8,483 sq. km) and deciduous forests (18,868 sq. km) to deserts (23,000 sq. km). Its coastline (1,650 km) with two gulf is the longest among the Indian states and shelters diverse coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, coral reefs, estuaries and mudflats. The coral reefs in the Gulf of Kachchh are widely admired for their amazing beauty and

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