Bilingual vs. Proficient – Profiling Levels of Competence in Subsequent Language Learners

2184 Words9 Pages
Using the term ‘bilingual’ to refer to a two-year old of French and Spanish heritage would seem perfunctory to most individuals as the toddler at this stage has command of approximately 300 words; at the same time, an American who is a Spanish-language graduate student, has command of thousands of words and even sentence structure and syntax within his or her learned language but is not considered ‘bilingual’, but rather ‘proficient’. What is the difference between the child and the graduate student and why does this phenomenon occur in second language learning and acquisition? The apparent differences include age and the manner of second language acquisition, but the less acknowledged differences are the level of competence and functions of both of their languages. One of the most contentious areas in the study of bilingualism is: How proficient does a person need to be in both languages to be acknowledged as bilingual? The traditional language enthusiast tends to perpetuate the notion that bilinguals have “perfect and equal knowledge of both languages”. François Grosjean, a trailblazer and a leader in the field of language learning, proposes that “a bilingual is an individual who uses two or more languages (or dialects) in their everyday lives.” In order to determine whether an individual is truly bilingual, one must consider the varied definitions of bilingualism, examine the different levels with regard to second language oral communication, aural comprehension, reading and writing. Finally, one must also consider language function. According to Grosjean, “perfect and equal” knowledge of both languages is a myth and most likely not probable. He argues that “the languages of a bilingual usually attain the linguistic level needed for the person’s life” – In short, function. People acquire foreign languages for many different reasons, but mostly because a new

More about Bilingual vs. Proficient – Profiling Levels of Competence in Subsequent Language Learners

Open Document