Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

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British Medieval Literature The Hero Formula In literature, the role of the hero is constantly evolving and adapting to different cultures and different time periods, but it is a deeply rooted archetype that in many ways stays the same; a singular quality, sacrifice, must exist in all heroes. Nevertheless, the character traits of a hero depend on what the culture strives for, and a culture’s needs constantly change. This essay will analyze the role of the hero in Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, two distinct works from the Old English (Anglo Saxon) era, and the Middle English era. The analysis will be filtered through the lens of Joseph Campbell’s The Hero With A Thousand Faces, and his “Hero Formula,” which highlights the Hero’s journey in twelve steps, though Campbell summarizes it in three parts, “A hero ventures forth from the world of common day into a region of supernatural wonder (x): fabulous forces are there encountered and a decisive victory is won (y): the hero comes back from this mysterious adventure with the power to bestow boons on his fellow man (z).” (The Hero With a Thousand Faces, 23) It will argue that Beowulf and Sir Gawain adhere closely to this ethos and that they are both heroes. Furthermore, it will attempt to explain what makes one hero more heroic than another, and why some heroic qualities are liable to change – while the foundation of the journey stays the same. Beowulf’s motivation to sacrifice himself on behalf of the Danes comes from two places. It starts with his father’s unpaid debt to the ruler of the Danes, Hrothgar, which was left behind after his father passed away; also from his intrigue with the monster that cannot be defeated, Grendel. They have seen my strength for themselves, / Have watched me rise from the darkness of war, / Dripping with my enemies'

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