Benin Art Essay

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The arts in Africa are immensely diverse in the fact that religion, cultures, and location are factored into the influence of style and content. One of the most well-known pieces that come out of Benin is the ivory hip pendant of Idia who is also known as the Queen Mother of Oba Esigie (figure 1). The highly detailed ivory mask of Queen Mother has been derived from Portuguese inspiration and the emerging title of Iyoba, which has evoked a new trend in the African court art of Benin. Benin art is from the Kingdom of Benin or Edo Empire which is a pre-colonial African state that is located in what is now known as the South-South region of Nigeria. Benin art was produced mainly for the court of the Oba of Benin who was a divine ruler for whom the craftsmen produced a range of ceremonially significant objects. Aside from producing work to promote spiritual and religious devotion, Benin Art includes a range of animal heads, figurines, busts, plaques, and other artifacts. Typical Benin art materials include bronze, brass, clay, ivory, terracotta, and wood. During the reign of the Kingdom of Benin, the characteristics of the artwork changed from thin castings and careful treatment to thick, less defined castings and generalized features due to the important changes of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The fifteenth and sixteenth centuries have been crucial to Benin history because it was a period of Portuguese settlement and artistic grounding. The grouping of traditions from the Obas and Portuguese made it difficult not to see that those two hundred years were critical to the development of art in Benin. Dark states that “the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries became a time of consolidation, development, and expansion of the kingdom when the five warrior kings Ewuare, Ozolua, Esigie, Orhogbua and Ehengbuda ruled during those periods.” The invigorating act
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