Monetary policy is the use of interest rates to manipulate the level of aggregate demand in the economy and loose (expansionary) monetary policy is a reduction in the interest rates. This will result in an injection of extra consumption because it is cheaper to borrow money on credit cards and therefore allowing consumers to spend more which will cause an increase in aggregate demand (AD). Additionally, extra consumption will allow shops to gain more profit preventing “business failures.” Furthermore, mortgages will be cheaper and therefore consumers feel richer and there will an extra injection of consumption. AD will also increase due to an increase in investment, causing an increase in aggregate demand from AD1 to AD2 as shown below. However,
If the interest rate is low, it will cause more funds to be available, greater expansion and increased employment. If the interest rate is high, it will cause fewer funds to be available, less expansion, and decreased employment. Fiscal policy is an important tool for managing the economy because of its ability to affect the total amount of output produced or the gross domestic product. The first impact of a fiscal expansion is to raise the demand for goods and services. This greater demand leads to increases in both output and prices.
As the capital is put back into the economy the demand for supplies will go up. As the demand rises the amount of supplies will also rise increasing the need for employees and in turn putting more available spending capital in the hands of the buyers. By increasing government spending there is more money being put back into the pockets of the people. This return in turn frees up capital citizens are able to put back into goods and services increasing demand. Lowering taxes can also leave money in citizen’s pockets but it also takes away from the amount of money the government is able to use to stimulate the economy by spending.
If we do not buy imported goods then they will not buy ours and without export revenue and foreign investments we would not be able to function financially. When exports increase so does the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). GDP is the dollar amount of all goods and services produced within the United States. When the GDP is high it signifies that our economy is healthy and stable. When companies can produce more due to demand they are able to hire more workers, which can lower the unemployment rate.
When there is a greater disposable personal income this will allow consumption to increase due to the money saved from the lower tax rate. Through consumption increasing this will favour economic because the gross domestic product has increased. When government expenditures are increased it will have a multiplier effect on aggregate demand. Because of the multiplier effect, the government can increase spending by only a small amount to achieve a larger, necessary increase in aggregate demand. By doing so, the economy will be able to attain an equilibrium level of real
The level to which higher demand increases output and prices depends on the state of the business cycle. Without changing the price level will lead to an increase in demand if the economy is in recession. A fiscal expansion will have more of an effect on prices and less impact on total output if the economy is at full employment. To restore output during a recession the government can run an expansionary fiscal policy helping to restore and to return the unemployed to work. The government can run a budget surplus; this will help to slow the economy when inflation seems to be a larger dilemma than unemployment, leading to a budget balanced on
2. Do increases in gross domestic product necessarily translate into improvements in the welfare of citizens? Explain your answer. A: GDP growth by itself is not a good enough indicator of improving quality of life because there is many other factors that influence quality of life. GDP growth in itself is not enough to indicate quality of life.
The less expansion, the less inflation. However, if the economy is slowing down, interest rates will decrease. This allows banks and businesses to borrow more cheaply, which results in them being able to higher more workers and produce more goods. The monitoring of inflation is very important in the US. Inflation has many negative affects.
When the demand for U.S. dollars increases, the value of the dollar will increase or appreciate (Stone 2008, pp. 685). As a result, U.S. products become more expensive for foriegners causing a reduction in exports and increasing imports. This not only effects the U.S. economy, but also affects the economies in other countries. Monetary policies influence and are influenced by international developments, including exchange rates, and based on these market conditions the U.S. government can make strategic changes to these policies to maintain the country’s economic stability (full employment, stable growth and price stability).
The theory behind this was that if taxes were increased or left at their same rate, the amount of money brought into the government would be x. But if taxes are cut, GDP rises. The rise in GDP plus the lower taxes would be greater than x, causing an increase in tax revenues. This would push the supply curve to the right also increasing real Gross