• A=ACE inhibitor. ACE stands for angiotensin converting enzyme. This enzyme is responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II (A2) is a potent vasoconstrictor and it also stimulates the secretion of aldosterone which results in: ↑ blood pressure (A2), sodium and water retention and potassium excretion (aldosterone). An ACE inhibitor medication inhibits the enzyme that allows this conversion to occur, and therefore, decreases blood pressure.
What are the pharmacodynamics: a. ‘Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors produces significant action on the cardiovascular, renal and respiratory systems and on the eye. This blockade also results in metabolic and endocrine effects’ (Woo & Wynne, 2012, p. 184). b. Clinical pharmacology studies have confirmed the beta-adrenergic blocking activity as shown by: (Micromedex, 2015).
People who think they have taken a drug but really haven’t may display the effects of the drug because they expect to be affected by it. The learned expectations regarding a drugs effect vary from culture to culture. 13.Depressant: reduce the central nervous system activity. Many depressants increase GABA neurotransmitter activity. Effect of alcohol: Alcohol has an impact on the dopamine, serotonin, endorphins, glutamate, and GABA neurotransmitters.
Anti depressants such as MAOI’s which increase the available amount of nor adrenaline in the brain, were found to be effective for elevating the symptoms of depression. So when noradrenalin is increased in the brain, symptoms of depression get better, suggests that it is chemicals that are the root cause of depression. This idea is also found in the results of taking reserpine, a drug used to treat high blood pressure. Depression is a unwanted side effect of this drug, as this drug acts by lowering levels of nor adrenaline. So again strongly suggests that low activity noradrenaline, is a factor contributing to the cause of depression.
Smoking can increase the risk of digestive damage. Drinking alcohol can also irritate and erode the mucous lining of your stomach as well as increasing stomach acid. 6. Famotidine is usually used for short term use, with a constant use it lowers its effectiveness. It inhibits histamine H2receptor site.
* Question 1 1 out of 1 points | | | Which of the following is not a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus? | | | | | Selected Answer: | All of these are signs. | Answers: | polyuria | | polydipsia | | polyphagia | | All of these are signs. | | | | | * Question 2 1 out of 1 points | | | ADH ________. | | | | | Selected Answer: | is inhibited by alcohol | Answers: | increases urine production | | promotes dehydration | | is produced in the adenohypophysis | | is inhibited by alcohol | | | | | * Question 3 1 out of 1 points | | | Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the ________.
Many prescription drugs have been released onto the market that effectively target the levels of certain hormones which in turn enable one to counteract the symptoms of ADHD (3). Adderall is a cocktail of several active ingredients that include amphetamine salts, an active ingredient in many ADHD medications. These amphetamines are thought to treat ADHD by blocking the reuptake of dopamine from the neural synapses and increasing the uptake into subsequent neurons. The increased dopamine flow in the frontal cortex then allows the brain to carry on its executive functions as a normal brain would, thus counteracting the effects of ADHD(4). So, as a stressed out college student striving to succeed in school and boost my GPA, I sit here wondering how much faster and more efficiently I could have written this paper had I been taking Adderall.
There are many ways Meth can be used, in which include smoked, injected, orally ingested, or snorted. When Meth is smoked or injected it causes more of a rush. When it is snorted or taken orally it produces a longer lasting high instead of a rush, which can continue for as long as twelve hours. Both the rush and the high result from the release of very high levels of dopamine into areas of the brain that regulate feelings of pleasure. This is why people become addicted.
Today, caffeine is found in drinking sodas, tea, coffee, chocolate, medicines, energy drinks, and so on. According to Kuhn, Swartzwelder, and Wilson (2003), caffeine falls under the drug class of stimulant. The buzz that is created by caffeine increases euphoria, alertness, and concentration. If caffeine is taken in large amounts, it can cause agitation and nervousness. Also, extreme use of caffeine can cause panic attacks.
I had never heard of the words “Caffeine Overdose” So you ask how much caffeine I took? Thesis: With caffeine consumption being so common, it is vital to know the impact caffeine has on the body, as its effects can influence cardio-respiratory and perhaps most importantly neurologically. I. Most of the caffeine consumed in the United States is in coffee, tea, energy drinks, soft drinks, and energy pills. (let’s take a look at the most common once seen here on campus) (also what I had that morning that scared me for life ) 1. .