a. strain buildup only b. location of foci c. magnitude of P-waves [pic] d. reoccurrence rates of earthquakes in an area and the rate of strain buildup 2. What are most earthquakes associated with? a. rift valleys b. mid-ocean ridges c. divergent plate boundaries [pic] d. plate boundaries 3. At what point in the graph would a rock be permanently deformed? [pic] a. at the start of the stress [pic] b. past
Another way to measure the strength of an earthquake is to use the Mercalli scale. Invented by Giuseppe Mercalli in 1902, this scale uses the observations of the people who experienced the earthquake to estimate its intensity (www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/intensity.html). The Mercalli scale is not considered as scientific as the Richter scale. Some people may say that they felt the earthquake worse than someone that may have been closer to the
a. Volcano: include the type of lava, where magma is derived, and why this setting produces hazards b. Earthquake: magnitude and amount of displacement or offset 6. Describe the type of hazards in terms of cause, hazard definition, and location (example-tsunami inundation occurred within 1 mile of coastline in low lying areas). 7. Fatalities 8. Damage: 2-3 specific examples of structural damage (earthquakes); areas covered with volcanic debris (volcanic eruption); any other types of damage 9.
An example of catastrophism is an earthquake. This is an example of catastrophism because it shows a sudden change. Uniformitarianism is the principle that states the geological processes that happened earlier in history can be explained by the geological processes that are happening gradually today. This principle is what people began to consider shaped the Earth. An example of uniformitarianism is when rock wears away and erodes.
The lithosphere is divided into 7 major plates, including the North-American plate, and several minor plates. Between these plates are three different types of plate boundaries: constructive, destructive and conservative. Earthquakes can occur at all three when pressure builds up and is released in one sudden movement. The Earth’s plates move due to convection currents within the mantle in the Earth’s asthenosphere. As heat rises and cools it forces the plates in different directions; either sliding past one another, away or towards each other.
* The student describes the hazards associated with earthquakes in Los Angeles. * The student discusses the origins and causes of earthquakes * The student discusses the relationship of earthquakes to plate tectonics and faults in Los Angeles. * The student discusses the historical disasters associated with past earthquakes. * The student discusses the potential for future earthquake events. * The paper is 700 to 1,050 words in length.
Richter scale: A numerical scale for expressing the magnitude of an earthquake on the basis of seismograph oscillations. The more destructive earthquakes Magnitude: Magnitude is a measure of the amount of energy released during an earthquake. Aftershock: A smaller earthquake following the main shock of a large earthquake. Epicentre: The point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake. 2014 South Napa earthquake Location: Napa Date and Time: August 24 at 3:20 a.m.
This transfer allows quantifying the influence of blasting waves on the rock mass of the slope and on soil slopes. In this paper, the effects of waves’ frequency and Rayleigh’s surface waves are discussed as well as the slope characteristics such as its rock mass. Transfer of Analytical Techniques from Earthquake Engineering The similarity between blasting vibrations and earthquake motions is known. A simple example is the use of blasting-induced vibrations in experiments built to predict earthquake response of a building structure. According to Dowding (1988) two levels of analysis can be considered.
Japan is a country that lies a hundred km from where tectonic plates are clashing at a convergent boundary, with one plate being dragged beneath the other. These tectonic plates are very thick rating, from 10km to 50km and are in motion with respect to each other. In Japan, they tend to move at rates of eight to nine centimeters yearly hence the result is a collision, with one plate forced to go beneath the other. If enough stresses build up from this sticking, then finally there will be a sudden slip which produces an earthquake. Japan is well known for being particularly amenable to subduction zone earthquakes, with huge pressures brought to bear by the sticking tectonic plate zones nearby it, and the slipping results in many earthquakes, some of them very big for instance the Tohoku earthquake.
What is the fault Its notoriety comes partly from the disastrous 1906 San Francisco earthquake, but rather more importantly because it passes through California, a highly-populated state that is frequently in the news. And with many research institutions dedicated to studying such an accessible fault, the SAF has become a household name. But what is a fault? And what is the SAF? A fault is a planar crack in a rock along which slippage has taken place.