Battle Analysis Terrain in Relation to the Bascom Affair

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Battle Analysis Terrain in relation to the Bascom Affair Subject: Terrain is a constant of war- it transcends time and warrants study to understand past and future battle planning. It shapes the battlefield by determining use and demand. In particular, the area around Apache pass was logistically important because it offered one of the only reliable sources of water over the miles between MO and CA. Terrain dictates routes of advance and defensive positions. During the discussion, I will go over the key terrain of this area and how it was used during the Bascom affair. I touch on events of the Bascom Affair in context to terrain features used, locations and distances. During the discussion, I explain why these features or locations may have been selected. Set the stage: During the 1850s most of Cochise and Mangas Coloradas depredation was focused upon Mexico. Cochise got on well with employees of the Butterfield overland mail line trading and was living amongst them in Apache pass which runs through the heart of Cochise lands of Goodwin Canyon. Apache pass between the Chiricahua Mountains and Dos Cabezas was selected by Butterfield because of its reliable spring with the next water source being 40 miles west at Dragoon Springs. The route going through Apache pass runs from CA through the Chiricahua Mountains on to Missouri (4506 km from Tipton MO to San Francisco, CA and is called the OX Bow because it goes South through TX to Tucson, then up through LA and San Francisco. The terrain was so rough wagons averaged less than 5 miles per hour across AZ. A trip from MO to CA took 26 days. The terrain in the area around Apache pass is mountainous, hilly and rocky. It is an ecological transition zone with grasses and shrubs in the Chiricahuan Mountains and hills to the east. It transitions to sparse plant and wildlife to the west in the Sonoran Desert. Apache

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