The Bass Clarinet The bass clarinet, invented in the latter half of the 1700s, was originally used only as an orchestra instrument. By the 1920’s, it was employed in bands, often doubling or substituting for other deep-voiced instruments. It is a single-reed woodwind instrument. The range is one octave below that of the b-flat soprano clarinet. Ever since its invention in the late 18th century, the bass clarinet has evolved into the instrument that is used in orchestras and bands.
At the same time the flutist presses finger keys that are positioned along the tube. The keys open and close tone holes to make different sounds. Throughout the 16th century flutes were one of the most popular instruments of the Italian musical scene. Even King Henry VIII had a very large collection of flutes. Mozart and Hayden also played the flute in the 18th century.
There is a dramatic neopolitan chord [the flattened supertonic- Eb major 1st inversion] in bar 95. Timbre The vocal part is for a tenor voice, with some sections requiring a quiet, whispered tone. The song is accompanied by a large, live band. Instrumental timbres include pizzicato strings [plucking], clarinets often in their low register, muted brass, piano and drum kit. In the bridge, high bowed strings, sometimes using harmonics and tremolo, add a countermelody.
Saxophone The Saxophone is a group of instruments within the woodwind family, consisting of many different types, all a similar conical shape, excluding the soprano, utilizing a single reed in the mouthpiece similar to a clarinets. There are 4 main or more commonly used types of saxophones, which include; the Soprano, Alto, Tenor and Baritone saxophones. History of The Saxophone The saxophone was invented by a Belgian, Antoine-Joseph (Adolphe) Sax, born on November 6, 1814 in Dinant. His father was an expert maker of musical instruments. As a child he learned to make instruments, His father's passion for creating instruments had such an influence on him that at the age of six, Adolphe had already become an expert.
Amati added two more strings and changed not only it's size, but also the shape of the violin. Amati invented or perfected one of the most popular and beautiful instruments in the history of music. The violin Amati had perfected, immediately became popular among both street musicians and nobility. Because of it's popularity, the French King Charles IX ordered Amati to create 24 violins in 1560. One of the 24 violins that the king had made for himself is now called Charles IX and is the oldest violin in the world.
He composed several concertos for the bassoon, oboe, recorder and flute, as well as the rarer clarinet. Woodwind instruments had become an integral part of Northern European orchestras, but the trend hadn't made it to Italy, where the violin was king. It is partly through Vivaldi's interactions with travellers to Venice and his own travels to Germany and France that led him to explore woodwinds. It is likely that Vivaldi played some of these instruments as well. Vivaldi’s orchestra in the Bassoon concerto consisted of a bassoon, Violin 1 and 2, Viola, Cello, and Bass.
An Italian harpsichord maker, Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655-1731), invented the fortepiano and continued to develop this instrument until the 1720s. In the 1730s, Gottfried Silbermann, a German constructor of keyboard instruments, took up the work of Cristofori and built several grand pianofortes based on Cristofori’s design. The classical fortepiano has lighter, thinner, less emphatic, more transparent and sustained tone color than the modern piano we have now. The lightness of its construction produced a crisper sound that is characteristic of the music written of this day. Cristofori’s pianos were not treasured in the beginning since his pianofortes were still very similar to the clavichords.
It started before the Romantic period, but it become popular with German composers of the nineteenth century. The first generally accepted example of a song cycle is Ludwig van Beethoven’s An die ferne Geliebte, opus 98. It considered being the first true song cycle by a major composer. He composed in 1816, and it can be seen as the first real song cycle by a great composer in the sense that it is a number of songs by voice and piano that are clearly related with each other. The six songs of the cycle flow into each other, the tonal structure is very clear, and the poetic structure is also clear.
The four-course guitar also had a different tuning than D-G-B-E tuning; rather it was tuned to C-F-A-D which is a tone lower. Then later in the sixteenth century the five-course guitar was established. This guitar was exact same as the four-course guitar just had frets an
1. Introduction The flute is one of the oldest musical instruments, having a history that dates back to prehistoric times where mammoth tusks were being used to create this reedless aerophone. The modern concert flute is a traverse (side-blown) instrument, and adopts the Boehm fingering system, which was developed in the early 1800s. It is typically made out of three parts, namely the headjoint (where the embouchure hole in which the player blows into and across is located), the body (which houses the bulk of the flute’s circular toneholes and key mechanism), as well as the footjoint. It is also pitched in the key of C, making it a non-transposing instrument, and has a range spanning over 3 octaves starting from middle C (C4), or a semi-tone lower (B3), depending on the footjoint being used.