2. Identify professional disciplines that influence human services. Professional disciplines that influence Human Services are sociology, psychology, and anthropology (Woodside & McClam, 2012, p. 11). Sociology is the assessment of an individual and the broader culture and tries to account for while understanding the differences within human culture. It also helps the professionals understand what affects the living, such as family structure and roles.
In MCT the client’s social and cultural background is of importance. It is important as a counselor to recognize that such things as gender, racial or cultural background, and economic status can affect assessment, diagnosis and treatment. How does MCT challenge counselors to intervene at
In cultural psychology the mental processes are compared with the society and the individual who has grown up in that society. Comparatively, cross-cultural psychologists systematically research behavior across cultures in different cultural situations (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). Critical Thinking Critical thinking in cross-cultural psychology is important because cross-cultural psychology is about identifying the similarities and differences in individuals and how they function in his or her culture. Critical thinking is about making realistic, valid and reasonable evidence. Critical thinking is described as maintaining an attitude that is open=minded and doubtful (Shiraev & Levy, 2010).
5. What strategies can you use to ensure that bias and discrimination is appropriately dealt with? Promote cultural sensitivity, encourage understanding and behaviours to maintain when needed for future references. 6. What communication issues need to be considered when working in a culturally diverse communication?
For example, people may find it meaningful to view themselves according to their sex, race, culture, weight, religion and so on. Prejudice can be learned through direct instruction, modeling, and other social influences on learning as seen by the social cognitive theory. The best way to overcome prejudice is to learn about people who are different than you in multiple ways. Additionally, the best way to learn about people is to have direct contact with them and get to know them on a personal level. Intergroup contact is where people from different lifestyles live, work, and study together.
They can value and celebrate differences in others rather than maintain an ethnocentric stance and can demonstrate comfort with differences between themselves and others. They have an awareness of personal and professional limitations that may warrant the referral of a client to another victim service provider or agency that can best meet the clients' needs. Self-awareness also helps in understanding the process of cultural identity formation and helps guard against stereotyping. As one develops the diversity within one’s own group, one can be more open to the diversity within other groups. Cultural competence also requires victim service providers to appreciate how workers need to move from cultural awareness to cultural sensitivity before achieving cultural competence, and to evaluate growth and development throughout these different levels of cultural competence in practice.
1.1. Using examples, evaluate the relevance of the following in the counselling process. * Stereotyping Stereotyping can lead to groups and individuals being categorised, which in turn may produce prejudiced beliefs. In the counselling relationship there is potential for stereotyping from client to counsellor and vice versa. A client who experiences a lifetime of racial stereotyping may bring any residual feelings to counselling (McLeod 2008).
1.1 Identify different reasons why people communicate To express needs, to share ideas and information, to reassure, express feelings, socialize, ask questions, share experience’s, give instructions, share opinions, give encouragement. 1.2 Explain how effective communication affects all aspects of working in adult social care settings Individuals communicate to express their needs and preferences and to ensure they are met. As a carer I discuss the options and the choices available to the individual to allow them and informed choice regards to their care. 1.3 Explain why it is important to observe an individual’s reactions when communicating with them. In face to face communication the person listening may not always indicate verbally if they have understood or agree.
Myers (2010) provides an example as to how behavior is shaped by social influences making humans social creatures, “We speak and think in words we learned from others (Social psychology, p. 7). At times social environments or situations manipulate behaviors contrary to emotions, overpowering feelings and allowing the situation to guide behaviors. Another ideas of social psychology is that personal attitudes and depositions shape behavior, this describes the belief that inner attitudes and personalities
Be able to meet the communication and language needs, wishes and preferences of individuals. 3.1 Identify barriers to effective communication. Effective communication can only be achieved if the parties involved have an understanding of the information being conveyed, not only that but also an understanding of subject and reasoning. Things that could impede this process could be cognitive impairment; sensory deprivation and disability; medication; external influences e.g. audience, noise, lighting; the service user’s disposition and also the support workers if communicated ineffectively; the use of jargon and language and cultural differences.