Balochistan Essay

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Preface * Balochistan history since the time of the formation of the country represents an unending narrative of the incessant conflicts * The long standing resentments dating back to its merger with Pakistan have led to the present crisis in the province and the whole country. * The issues and factors, which gave rise to the conflicts and periodically given rise to the revolts and insurgencies resulting into the present crisis, highlighting the recommendations for the urgent action in order to eradicate the root causes of the long standing conflict. History of Balochistan * In Late 1800s there were four princely states: Makran, Kharan, Lasbela and Kalat. * In 1876 Sir Robert Sandeman concluded a treaty with the Khan of Kalat and brought his territories – including Kharan, Makran, and Las Bela – under British. * The boundary of western Balochistan was fixed in 1872, when Iran conquered it in the century. * In 1883 the British leased the Bolan Pass, southeast of Quetta, from the Khan of Kalat on a permanent basis. * 1887 some areas of Balochistan were declared British territory. * At the time of creation of Pakistan, Balochistan was divided into two parts: the British Balochistan comprising Quetta, Pishin, Zhob, Loralai and Lasbela and the native Balochistan constituting Kalat, Kharan and Makran. Makran became a district within the province of Balochistan, minus an area of 800 km around Gwadar, which was then still part of the Sultanate of Oman. * In1783, the Khan of Kalat had granted over Gwadar to Taimur Sultan, the defeated ruler of Muscat. When the sultan subsequently retook Muscat, he continued his rule in Gwadar by appointing a "governor". This governor was then ordered to subjugate the nearby coastal town of Chah Bahar. Until 1958 Gwadar was part of Oman. Pakistan purchased it in Septmeber 1958. The money for the

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