The Balfour Declaration: Betrayal of Palestine By the outbreak of the “Great War,” British officials agreed that some measure of relief should be given to the Jews (The Balfour Declaration, 2005), who continued to be the victim of vicious pogroms in many countries (Salisbury, 1977, 101-02, 166-71). The British response was to try to help the Jews Responding to intense lobbying the world Jewish community, the British government during World War I, issued a formal declaration, stating that it would support the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine. This declaration appeared in a letter of November 2, 1917, from the British Foreign Secretary, Arthur James Lord Balfour, addressed Walter Rothschild, the Second Baron Rothschild, one of
3. The Rowlatt Act gave British imperial authorities power to deal with revolutionary activities. Circumstances leading to Khilafat and non cooperation movement: a. The caliph of Turkey was the temporal and spiritual leader of the Muslims all over the World. During the First World War the British had promised the the caliph would not be deprived of his powers and that the Turkey would not be partitioned.
However, British policy played a part too. British reforms that failed to honour their promises resulted in Indian opinion changing, from what was once a trusting relationship, to one without trust or faith. World War one and two can also explain the changing relationship, especially World War two, where Britain’s own position in the world was changing and they were unable to afford India anymore. At midnight between the 14th and 15th of August 1947 India gained independence from Britain and the nations of India and Pakistan came into existence. This was the largest peacetime transfer of power in
S7 also highlights the importance of the conscription crisis, which can be argued to be a result of British ignorance, or the manipulation and stirring up by the revolutionary party Sinn Fein which also had a key role in the conflict. Finally it can also be argued that other factors were involved, which allowed the Irish conflict to be triggered, such as the failure of Home Rule and the breakdown of the IPP particularly during the Ulster Crisis, and after the Easter Rebellion of 1914. To an extent, it can be argued that the main cause of the Anglo-Irish conflict of 1919-21 was nationalist extremism. Hepburn asses that 'their [extremists] first opportunity' arose during the Ulster Crisis, in events such as the Larne gun-running incident April 1914, which ultimately resulted a race between extreme nationalists and Ulster Unionists to become armed . The source describes how the extremists then spiralled
In Arabia, a sheikh named ____________ set out to extend his power. It eventually became the country of Saudi Ara bia. The ______________ was a British document that recognized Palestine as the national home of the Jewish people but not at the expense of the Arab peoples. This conflict between the Arabs and the Jews in this area
The aim of this essay is to explain the Arab-Israeli conflict, trying to find the causes of the wars of hatred between their two nations. The Arab-Israeli Conflict was a series of wars and territorial conflicts between Israel and various Arab states in the Middle East since the founding of the state of Israel in May 1948. These include the war of 1948-49, the 1956 Suez War between Israel and Egypt, the Six-Day War of 1967, in which Israel captured territory from Syria and Jordan, and the October War of 1973. In the times between the wars tension has remained high in the areas, and has resulted in skirmishes and terrorist activity taking place on both sides. After two revolts in AD 70 and AD 135, many Jews were ostracized from Palestine and forbidden to live there.
Peacemaking and the League of Nations 1) The French leader, Clemenceau, saw the oppportunity at the Treaty of Versailles to cripple Germany so it could not attack France again. Describe how the Treaty of Versailles weakened Germany. (4marks) It weakened Germany through the loss of territory, restricted armed forces and economics such as the loss of the Saar and the reparations Germany had to pay. 2) 'I do not suppose that in the history of the Assembly there was ever a more difficult moment for a speech and a discussion. The world is worried about the Abyssinian Crisis and there are strong feelings on both sides.
The former consisted of Russia, France and Britain, while the latter was formed by Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Italy too being a part of this for a brief period. This war, both of mobility and attrition ended with the Austria-Hungary surrendering and the Germans signing an armistice based on Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points in 1918. A number of factors led to World War 1, which can be broadly divided into the categories of -militarism, alliances, imperialism & nationalism. Imperialistic rivalry dominated numerous conflicts in the early 19th century. This was most prevalent in Europe, where all the nations scrambled for colonies in Asia, Africa and the Pacific.
Causes of Six Day War (5th – 10th June) Arab refusal to recognise Israel since 48 and rise of Arab Nationalism is important in understanding long term reason for war. Arabs suffer humiliation in ‘48 – ‘49 conflict and this leads to Nasser and Arab Nationalism in ‘52, further military humiliation in Suez Crisis but political victory for Nasser. Although long term it explains Nov ‘66 Syrian Egyptian Mutual Defence treaty which is a more short term leading to Egyptian deployment of troops on May 15 after false Russian report. Israeli confidence – arrogance makes them provocative and overreact important in understanding Israel’s role in causing the conflict; Israel had emerged from 1948 war as a fighting Jew and it was determined that its Arab neighbours should get used to the idea that even if they haven’t recognised it’s right to exist it was not worth fighting Israel, Dayan said in 1976 interview that Israel provoked 80% of conflicts like the 7th April ‘67 tractor incident which resulted shooting down 6 Migs and victory pass over Damascus. Importance evident from fly over Damascus and Dayan’s statement but Dayan had radical political views and often inconsistent.
The second world war was different as it had ideological (Nazism v Communism) as well as racial (Aryan v Slav) elements, but even many other countries were involved, the 'central' theme of both World Wars is Russo-German conflict. It seems strange to say it, but the result of the WWI was unsatisfactory for both Russia (revolution, political withdrawal from the conflict) and Germany (defeat, internal political turmoil that stopped short of revolution) and so it's almost like they ended up having a rematch. * The failure of the League of Nations as an organisation, principally over aggressive Italian imperialism in Ethiopia in the mid 1930s but also during the Spanish Civil War later in the decade. Because the League of Nations failed to act in those cases, Italy and Germany thought they could do what they liked: that lesson wasn't lost on Russia and Japan either. * Along the same lines as the failure of the League of Nations, the short term failure of the appeasement policy of British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain in the late 1930s was a contributory factor, especially after Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia in 1938/39.