To analyze the purity composition in their baking soda, as well as the quality of workmanship, structural flaws, composition, and longevity, the Athenium Baking Soda Company has hired our team. In this experiment, we will determine if any KCl, LiCl, or CaCl2 contaminants are present in the sample of Athenium Baking Soda using emission spectra and calculations to determine percent composition. Skills of titration, emission spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis will be utilized in conducting this quality control procedure for the company; therefore, providing the utmost correct purity composition of the baking soda. Emission spectra will be conducted in order to determine which contaminants are present in the baking soda sample. The splatter method will be used for all of the 0.1 M (calcium, potassium, lithium) chloride solutions as well as the baking soda sample solution.
Quality Control for the Athenium Baking Soda Company A Self-Directed Experiment 16 April 2012 INTRODUCTION The Athenium Baking Soda Company has begun producing baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, or sodium hydrogen carbonate). NH4HCO3 + NaCl ==> NaHCO3 + NH4Cl Due to the high concentration of the brine solution that is used to generate the product, contaminants are often present in the finished product as chloride compounds. The contaminants may be detected when the finished baking soda product is dried and filtered. PURPOSE: In this experiment, we will be employing quality control by analyzing the composition and purity of the contaminated baking soda samples. To perform this experiment, we will utilize emission spectra, titrations, and thermal gravimetric analysis, using knowledge from Experiments 10, 4, Titrations of Na2CO3 and NAHCO3 by HCl (hydrochloric acid) will be performed to determine the concentration of HCl, as well as the number of moles of HCl present within the sample of baking soda.
Because baking soda is a natural compound, using it in these products can replace potentially environmentally harmful products. Out of several methods to produce baking soda, the Athenium Baking Soda Company has chosen the method of reacting brine with ammonium hydrogen carbonate to form baking soda: NH4HCO3(s) + NaCl(aq) => NaHCO3(aq) + NH4Cl(aq) Brine is defined as water containing a higher concentration of sodium chloride than typical seawater, along with the possible impurities potassium chloride (KCl), lithium chloride (LiCl), and calcium chloride (CaCl2) (brinechem). After NaHCO3 is dried and filtered, it may contain contaminants (KCl, LiCl, CaCl2) in the residue. To ensure the standards of the products are kept high, many baking soda manufacturing companies employ technicians and scientists to analyze and approve the products. This analysis is commonly referred to as quality control and includes periodic inspections designed to ensure the company’s products are meeting the set standards such as being uncontaminated, not losing quality during the manufacturing process, and not containing chemical structure or composition imperfections.
Quality Control for Athenium Baking Soda Company Introduction In this experiment, we will be using thermal gravimetric analysis (experiment 4) and HCL titration (experiment 12) to determine the percentage of NaHCO3 (baking soda) in the sample given. We will also be using emission analysis for group IA and IIA salts (experiment 10) to determine the impurities present. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the purity of a sample of baking soda given us by the Athenium Baking Soda Company. We will First determine the percentage of baking soda and then determine whether it contains particulates of CaCl2, LiCl, of KCl for the purpose of seeing whether it is pure and useable or not (the quality of the baking soda). We are performing the experiment to gain our spots on the team of quality control for the Athenium Baking Soda Company.
According to Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D., contributor at About.com Chemistry, both baking soda and baking powder are leavening agents, which means they are added to baked goods before cooking to produce carbon dioxide which causes the baked goods to 'rise'. When added or removed to cookie recipes, baking soda or baking powder will cause cookies to either be flat and crispy or light and fluffy. This research project will attempt to show the effects of omitting baking soda when baking chocolate chip cookies. The independent variable for this science project is the omission of baking soda.i According to Gwen Bruno, contributor at Livestrong eHow Health, baking soda increases the spread of cookie dough in the oven, which may be good for certain types of cookies such as chocolate chip. The spreading occurs because baking soda increases the dough's pH level and weakens both the gluten and egg protein structure.
In order to ensure quality control for the Athenium Baking Soda Company’s product, we will select three methods of experimentation to determine the purity of its baking soda, as well as its composition. The first experimental procedure to take place will be a thermal gravimetric analysis, which will help determine the percent composition of sodium bicarbonate of a sample of the company’s baking soda. In this experiment, a known mass of a sample of the company’s baking soda will be added to a crucible and heated until it decomposes into solid sodium carbonate, gaseous carbon dioxide, and gaseous water, as shown in the following equation: 2NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g) After a reheating of the crucible to ensure accuracy, the stoichiometric ratio for the mass loss of CO2 and H2O per gram of NaHCO3 will be determined, along with the total mass of CO2 and H2O lost upon heating. These will be used in order to determine 3 the mass of NaHCO3 present in the sample. Finally, using the collected data, the percent by mass of NaHCO3 in the company’s
Problem Which dissolves in water better, salt or baking soda? Hypothesis If salt and baking soda where put in water then baking soda will dissolve better than salt. Abstract The purpose of this project is to determine which material dissolves better in water between salt and baking soda. The hypothesis is If salt and baking soda where put in water then baking soda will dissolve better than salt. One teaspoon of salt and one teaspoon of baking soda were put in two separate transparent glasses of water and then the time of dissolving of each substance were calculated.
Thermal Insulating Materials: A Self-Directed Experiment In our most recent lab, we determined the specific heat of a solid and learned the relative heat properties of substances having different specific heats. For this self-directed lab, we will determine what makes the best coffee-cup calorimeter and then determine which of various common substances is the best thermal insulating material is. We must first understand that thermal energy flows between two samples of matter at different temperatures. In order to prevent heat from escaping, thermal insulating materials are required to minimize the heat transfer by reducing the transfer of heat between two objects in direct contact, and the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves. For this experiment we will be using cups of: metal, ceramic, plastic, and Styrofoam for our calorimeters.
What did those mangy tagi do? What are you going to do to relieve this headache? How will you survive……. Purification of Organic Compounds Thank goodness that you are in organic chemistry lab and not in the South China Sea. One of the important aspects of organic chemistry is being able to take an impure mixture of organic molecules, identify it as a mixture and purify each component.
What is a peroxide killer? After bleaching the cellulosic fiber with hydrogen peroxide, the fiber is subjected a thorough hot wash cold wash and neutralization processes. These operations would remove all superficially available chemicals that were used in bleaching process. However in practice it is found that the core alkali i.e. the alkali due to the use of caustic soda or soda ash and hydrogen peroxide, wetting agents and other auxiliaries would remain in the core of the fiber processed even after 2 or 3 washes.