* An electrogenic pump is a transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane * Animal- sodium/potassium * Plants- proton pump Understand how a co-transporter works. Where you likely find one? Understand how large molecules and particles are transported across membranes including the role of Vesicles. What is meant by endocytosis? There are several types – what are they and how do they differ?
3. Liberated neurotransmitter molecules trigger nerve impulses in the first-order sensory neurons that synapse with gustatory receptor cells. 4. (From here on out it is different for each tastant) (Salty) __________ ions enter gustatory receptor cells via Sodium channels in the plasma membrane. 5.
trigger zone 2. Where was membrane potential measured? axon 3. What was used to measure membrane potential? voltmeter, patch clamp equipment and electrodes Results Table 3: Membrane Potentials at Different Stimulation Voltages, by Location.
terest 11, How neurons communicate with other cells 1 to attract other electrical charges 2 leakage channels, voltage gated channel, ligand gated channel 3 only works for the ions LiceIC+ 4 action potential, graded potential 5 it will stop exchanging 6 it will decrease 7 they are sustained 8 cell membrane 9 voltages 12. All or none principle An action potential takes place in 2 phases: Depolarization: inside the membrane becomes + Repolarization : inside becomes more – Na+ and k+ are ions that move through the membrane via ion channels and change the electrical charge of the neuron - when NA+ channels open, NA+ moves inside= depolarization - When K+ channels open, K+ moves out + repolarization - When depolarization
Draw and completely label a graph showing what would happen to the resting membrane potential if the sodium/potassium pumps where made non-functional and immediately after the nerve was stimulated to threshold. a. Resting membrane potential b. Depolarizing stimulus c. Membrane depolarizes to threshold. Voltage-gated Na+ enters cell. Voltage-gated K+ channels begin to open.
14 September 2012 Homework #2 1) A) The parts to a neuron are the cell body, bushy dendrite fibers, the axons, and the myelin sheath. B) Neural impulses are generated when a neuron fires an impulse called the action potential, which is a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon. The first part of the axon begins the process by opening up its gate, so that positively charged ions can flood through the cell membrane. As a result, this process depolarizes that axon section, causing another axon channel to open and then the process repeats continuously after the other. C) In terms of communication, nerve cells communicate with one another by having the dendrites receive the messages from other cells.
The change in enthalpy relies on the concentration of the salt solution, because different concentrations will produce different enthalpies. There is an equation to determine how much of this heat energy is lost or gained when a reaction is performed. Q = c m (T1-T2) Where: q is the energy in Joules C is the heat capacity, measured in joules per gram per degree Celsius M is the mass of the solution, measured in grams J is the joules G is the grams of water T is the temperature ΔH=ΔE + PΔV = (q p +w) – w = q p Procedure: 1. Follow instructions 1-9 in Appendix A-1 to initialize the MeasureNet workstation. a.
Let’s call this number X. Then the structural formula of BaCl2 hydrate can be written as BaCl2•XH2O. The reaction of dehydration is |BaCl2•XH2O ( BaCl2 + XH2O |(5) | According to the stoichiometry of the reaction (5) |[pic] |(6) | Where N1 is the number of moles of BaCl2 formed in the reaction (5) and N2 is the number of moles of water lost in the reaction (5). To find out N1 you need to divide the mass of BaCl2 after the reaction by its molar mass. To find out N2 you have to determine the mass of water produced in the reaction.
Then a neurotransmitter, called acetylocholine (ACh), is released and the ACh binds to receptors on motor end plates and sodium ions then move into muscle fibers. The next step is the muscle action potentials move into the Ttubules where calcium is released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the calcium binds to a binding
Explain. Use the idea of what happens when these two different types of compounds dissolve in water in your answer. 6. Which compound types (ionic or covalent) produce more particles when dissolved in water and why? 7.