Women were another vulnerable group because they were always paid at a lower rate than men. There was no safety net for people who fell into poverty other than resorting to the ‘workhouse’ which had been established to deal with cases of extreme poverty in Trade unions had little power as the Taff Vale Incident of 1901 showed and Friendly Societies could only provide a limited amount of help. Attitudes to poverty in the early 20th century were quite unsympathetic many politicians from both the Liberal and Conservative party felt that poverty came from personal laziness. Both parties had an attitude of “laissez-faire” i.e. non interference from the government.
George Mueller’s arrest caused eight thousand steel and electrical workers in the Pittsburgh district to strike in protest. Mueller wanted them to return to work, but the union members had a meeting and voted to not consider a company offer about their wages until the court lifted its antistrike injunction. Due to the strike many stores closed, and the trolley service was reduced to 50 per cent of what it was before. The charges against Mueller were eventually dropped, which led to negotiations about wages. Trolley service was completely cut by a sympathy strike a short time after the negotiations began.
The population was estimated to have dropped 50-60%, so the prices of goods rapidly dropped, since there were so few people still alive to buy it. The lower levels of the social chain, like the peasants, serfs, farmers, and factory workers were struck the hardest. (Pollama) Since their living and work conditions were not very sanitary, and their living spaces were often cramped and dirty, they were the easiest targets for the plague. All of the jobs that these people had were now open, and available for people to take. Since the serf population had gotten ridiculously low, plantation owners were forced to start paying workers to tend the farms.
Families moved from rural areas to the newly industrialized cities to find work. Once there, things were not as great as they dreamed they would be. In order to survive, families had to have everyone in the household working. This led to the epidemic of child labor with children, as young as six years old, working in harsh conditions for long hours in factories or coal mines (Dunlop, 1912). Young children could be hired to do the same jobs as adults for much less pay and could often fit into places adults couldn't.
The pH level is an indicator of: a) sedimentation b) filtration level c) oxygen levels d) whether a solution is acid or alkaline 35. Clarifying shampoos contain acidic ingredients that: a) reduce dandruff c) are always a good idea b) decrease shine d) cut through product buildup _____ _____ 36. If your client has a dry scalp, the condition may be helped by a: a) hair mask c) protein treatment b) detangler d) scalp conditioner _____ 37. The best method for hair brushing is to: a) brush random areas c) brush the scalp vigorously b) part it into sections d) focus on the ends _____ 38. When you elevate the hair below 90 degrees, you are: a) creating curl c) building weight b) layering the hair d) removing weight _____ 39.
Many immigrants had to deal with poor living and working conditions (OK). Immigrants were paid low wages, so they had to live in tenements (Document 1). Tenements were crowded, unsanitary, and unsafe apartments that were very small (OK). Diseases spread quickly due to the overcrowding (OK). They were unsafe because there were no regulations on how they were built.
Studies show that, low income home energy assistance program benefits seem to reach families at the highest social and medical risk with more food insecurities have higher rates of low birth weight children (Frank, 2006). The reason behind this is that the money for food is spent on the electric bill when no assistance is provided. In result many children are born with a low birth weight and some even experience a life line of hospital visits. Some children even have a hard time focusing in school because of the lack of energy. Children are blocked from living a somewhat normal life all because the household could not get the financial assistance needed in order to help with their electricity
Most people who worked in the factories lived in the factories which had little living space, lack of proper ventilation and lack of proper hygiene (Wikipedia). Due to the poor living conditions and overcrowding people were subject to health issues and death related from communicable diseases. Along with the poor living conditions, hunger and malnutrition were common during this time. Labor laws did not exist. Workers worked long hours without breaks and children were also subjected to these cruel working conditions as they were often put to work alongside their parents.
Australian Citizenship Fatima Ali, 19 March, 2012 Allison Holland’s reading discusses Australia’s history mainly from federation onwards, and the events that shaped the definition of Australian citizenship. Holland argues that citizenship has been ill-defined and in the past used to exclude others, namely Indigenous Australian’s, women and non Anglo-Celtic people. Although they were regarded as British subjects, Aboriginals did not obtain Australian citizenship after federation in 1901. They could not obtain any benefits from the government, had no voting rights and were not counted in the national census, thus excluding them as part of the population. It wasn’t unlit 1948 that Aboriginals were awarded citizenship, however did not gain
The English aristocracy and upper class controlled all of England’s wealth and the working class were mostly poor Living Conditions * Because people in Australia had jobs and were better paid than in most other countries, they were able to have more food which was of better quality and lived more comfortable lives | * In the bush, there was a big difference in living standards. Small farmers (selectors) and bush workers such as shearers and drovers earned small incomes and lived in poor housing. Graziers (large property owners) often lived in huge homes and were rich. The Status of Women * Women had to put up with being treated unfairly, even though Australia was one of the first countries to give women the right to vote. * Women were expected to spend all their time looking after their families * A woman usually had to give up her job when she got married * Men could choose if they wanted to marry but women got married because couldn’t afford not to * Women depended on their husbands and had little say in society * They received much lower wages than men who did the same work * In the clothing industry many women worked up to ninety hours a week * Housemaids usually received board, left-over food and very small weekly wages for working for hour days and sometimes got a weekend off * A skilled tradesman could earn five times the wages of a housemaid, however if he had a family, his wage was hardly enough for rent, food, clothing and other necessary things