NCFE Counselling Skills Assignment 1 Identify 2 approaches to helping and explain the key concepts of one or more theorists. Judge which client issues are most likely to benefit from each of the 2 approaches. Outline potential cultural barriers to each of the 2 approaches chosen. Critically compare each of the 2 approaches and interpret the vocabulary specific to the two approaches. Demonstrate and evaluate a range of skills/techniques specific to the two approaches.
The Belief component is what each of us as human beings chooses to believe or think about when it comes to the object of an attitude. The Emotional component is simply a person’s feelings that they have towards the specific object of an attitude. The Action component is how a person tends to act or behave when it comes to dealing with the main object of each attitude. All three of these components of attitudes being Belief, Emotional, as well as Action are affected through persuasion, conformity, and biases in different but yet also similar ways. Persuasion is known as an attempt that is deliberately made to change beliefs or attitudes through arguments and information.
The words, garbage, debris, toxins were avoided to give the subject a more pleasant relationship with his body and its byproducts, which are necessary to be formed but need to be eliminated and not to be hated or feared. So the words, impurities, and unwanted waste used. Author prefers the healing light to circulate within the body, than to let it flow out through the feet, and prefers only the impurities to go down that route. The size of the sphere of light expanding to three feet is quite small, and the subject may feel cramped inside causing claustrophobia if susceptible. Therefore it was changed to ‘ a diameter just beyond your arm span’ where there is enough space for each subject to comfortably float in his own custom made space, and be surrounded completely by the healing light.
“The Role of Taking Conflict Personally in Imagined Interactions" This study examines thoughts and feelings about conflict. A person may use imagined interactions (IIs) to work through a conflict situation. One factor that may affect the nature of IIs about conflict is the tendency among some individuals to take conflict personally. Taking conflict personally (TCP) is the feeling that conflict is a negative life event that is aimed at the self (Hample & Dallinger, 1995). This study examines the relationship between TCP and IIs about conflict.
The term disposition refers to somebody’s beliefs, attitudes, and personality. When people attribute other people’s behaviour to external factors such as the immediate rewards and punishments in a social setting or social pressure, they are making a situational attribution. While making judgements about people’s behaviour, we tend to make errors. Attribution theory argues that people are more likely to explain another person’s actions by pointing to the dispositional factors, rather than to the situation. When people overestimate the role of dispositional factors in an individual’s behaviour and underestimate the situational factors, it is called the fundamental attribution error.
The Self-Serving Bias One barrier to critical thinking is self-serving biases. I had this theory that if my actions do not need to be rationalized if the motives are good. The characteristics of others even post a threat. These situations can cause us to develop a self-serving attitude.
So how can we avoid this behavior if and when we recognize it as such? First we need to identify all the components Prejudice is usually a negative incorrect unjustified attitude or prejudgment directed towards someone based on personal views of a particular social group or groups. Someone that’s prejudice towards others may not act according to their beliefs, but still may not discriminate against them. One line of logic that is used is to justify ones prejudice and stereotypes is to justify the system used; by using social inequalities, they legitimizing beliefs, attitudes and myths. By placing emphasizing a lower-status groups weakness, according to their weaknesses and flaws, they justify those that are in a higher status maintaining the status quo and in doing so allowing the higher status individual to feel secure in their position.
Vroom stated "people consciously chose a particular course of action, based upon perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs as a consequence of their desires to enhance pleasure and avoid pain" (Vroom, 1964). The expectancy theory of motivation has three key components and focuses on three key relationships as well. The three key components of the expectancy theory of motivation are expectancy (effort-performance relationship), instrumentality (performance-reward relationship) and valence (rewards-personal goals relationship). The first key component is expectancy, which is the belief that if a worker can output a higher level of effort they will achieve better performance. An example of expectancy would be “if I work harder at work will I produce more than my co-workers”?
I think that we are driven by emotions. We don’t like to take blame so in
Attitude Theories Diana M. Fernandez Strayer University Attitude Theories This paper will discuss attitude theories. Attitude theories are attempts to explain the factors that shape individual’s beliefs, feelings and behaviors. Two examples of attitude theories are functionalist theory and cognitive dissonance theory. These theories are defined and their components are presented. Examples of each are given as well as being compared and contrasted.