Of the different theories of Lifespan Development, Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and Erik Erikson's theory of Psychosocial Development are among the key theories of Lifespan Development (Berger, 2008). Like one another, together they search inside at inner divergences and diverge into the humans ability to manage internal drive and moments of crisis. Within Freud's theory, human behavior begins with the subconscious crisis and drive. He constructed three steps in child development that include "oral, anal, and phallic," and finished that reaction of parents creates a large influence on personality and lifespan development (Berger, 2008). Freud's idea, he illustrated that the body parts (oral, anal, and phallic) to have a erotic nature (Berger, 2008).
The qualitative study denotes the attachment process that is a major predictor of mental health in adult age of individual. The study heightened the awareness as well as understanding of self-esteem issues that can effectively lead to more accurate therapeutic contexts and treatment plans for clients. The study might lead therapists’ ways to decrease or moderate or even demolish number of issues that clients experiences throughout their childhood. At the same time, mental practitioners can develop relationship that can allow them to work effectively with clients suffering from self-esteem
Bowlby believed that attachments are natural and adaptive. He also believed that we are all born with an inherited need to form attachments and this is to help us survive. This can also line up with Darwin’s theory of natural selection, which explains that any behaviour that helps us to survive to maturity and reproduce will be maintained in the gene pool. For example; a baby relies on its mother for food and care etc and without the mother the baby would be helpless. Babies have social releaser which unlocks the innate tendency for adults to care for them; these are both physical and behavioural social releasers.
Psychology Assignment Attachment John Bowlby was a British psychoanalyst born in 1907. He believed that mental health and behavioural problems could be attributed to early childhood experiences. He was commissioned by the World Health Organisation to investigate the effects on children’s development of being raised in an institution. To formulate his theory of attachment Bowlby drew on the work of Psychoanalytical theorists and Ethological theorists, such as Konrad Lorenz. ‘The time is ripe for a unification of Psychoanalytical concepts with those of Ethology’ J Bowlby 1953 Bowlby’s theory begins with the idea that we are all born with innate drives, this comes from the Darwinist theory that all characteristics have survival value, Bowlby would consider attachment to be one of these characteristics.
Bowlby’s theory Well the most influential explanation about attachment was proposed by John Bowlby ho began to develop his idea in 1940’s. Bowlby presented 2 theories the one we are going to concentrate on is the attachment theory. Rather than the location of child’s attachment being within the environment as most theories do, Bowlby argued that attachment is an evolved mechanism that ensures the child’s survival. He drew a variety of influences to support develop his theory. Bowlby argued that the attachment behaviours in both caregivers and babies evolved ensuring the survival of the baby until maturity and reproduce.
Sensitive parenting is the most important factor in a child’s psychological development – discuss This essay will explore the concept of sensitive parenting and will look at how the dynamic interactions between parent and child inform Attachment Theory a model which measures child development. This model, pioneered by Bowlby is posited within the principles of a psychoanalytic and biological perspective (Bee, H.L., 2000). Child attachment can be classified into two main types, secure and insecure, by using a standard laboratory assessment known as the “Strange Situation” developed by Ainsworth, insecure attachment was divided further into sub groups, ambivalent and avoidant (Ding, S. & Littleton, K. 2005). Whilst discussing attachment theory which utilises the concept of an internal working model other approaches in terms of understanding how parenting affects child development will be explored. Theoretical positions such as social learning theory which lies heavily on behaviourist principles will be looked at, parenting styles where patterns of parenting will be discussed and inter-generational transmission which serves to perpetuate society’s inequalities and disadvantages with negative connotations for a child’s psychological development (Ding, S. & Littleton, K. 2005).
However with the informative research of Bowlby (1969 as cited in Berk, 2010) and Ainsworth (1978, as cited in Berk, 2010) into attachment theory, we must look deeper and scratch the surface and examine how experiencing adversity affects the parent's capacity to give consistent quality care to children. Without consistent quality care, lasting attachments are not formed and thus, children can potentially have detrimental impacts across it's life span. It should also be mentioned that research (Belsky, Campbell, Cohn and More 1996; Fish 2004; Vondra, Hommeding and Shaw 1999; Vondra, Shaw, Searingen, Cohen and Owens 2001 as cited in Berk, 2010) into children who are from
Linking theory with practice enables practitioners to plan age appropriate activities and experiences for the children in their care and thus enhance their development and help them to acquire new skills and knowledge. In this essay the author will discuss the following theorists whose work has been very influential in the field of childcare. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), Lev Vygotsky (1896-1943), Jean Piaget (1896-1980), B.F. Skinner (1904-1990). Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Sigmund Freud’s main area of study was emotional and personality development, he was the first psychologist to recognise the importance of the conscious and unconscious mind. Freud’s work is considered important because he showed that childhood experiences and relationships significantly influence the development of personality in later life, (Beaver et al 2002).
The psychology of attachment In this essay we will look at Attachment Theory. What is Attachment and Attachment Behaviour? We will look at the work of both John Bowlby, who is responsible for many of the core concepts of Attachment Theory, and Mary Ainsworth, who developed and extended Bowlby’s theory. We examine the consequences of attachment types in later life. We will also consider criticisms of attachment such as Cultural Differences and the Social Co nstructionist view of attachment.
Psychoanalytic Theory Krystal L. Flentge Dallas Baptist University Psychoanalytic Theory Brief history of the theory and theorist The psychoanalytic theory is considered as one of the most influential theories in psychology. The theory, which was developed by Sigmund Freud, concentrates on the relationship between adulthood behavior and upbringing experiences. The theory is founded on the effects of childhood experiences and unconsciousness towards determining the human behavior. In the analysis of the psychoanalytic theory, human development is subdivided into several psychosexual stages. The consistencies among these stages determine the stability of an individual behavior.