The state of Georgia passed a law that requires all whites living in Cherokee territory be required to apply for a license to live there. Samuel Worchester: Missionary to the Cherokee Indian Samuel Worcester and 6 other whites were convicted by the state of Georgia for residing in Cherokee Indian territory without a license. Samuel Worchester argued that the state of Georgia has no authority to pass laws regulating activities within the Cherokee nation because the U.S has made treaties with the Cherokees and identified them as a sovereign nation. He also stated that the Georgia Law violated the Intercourse Act and Indian Trade. The Georgia court ruled out Worchester’s plea and sends him to 4 years of hard labor.
It also called for a federal law punishing lynching. He issued executive orders ending segregation in the armed forces and prohibiting job discrimination in all government agencies. administration published "To Secure These Rights" in 1947a drive was started in 1948 to end discrimination in federal employmentin 1950, the Supreme Court all but overturned what is referred to as Plessy v Ferguson. These were a series of laws dating from 1896 which effectively approved the "Jim Crow" segregation laws that characterised the South. The laws introduced the "separate but equal" philosophy of the south - but with the backing of the highest legal body in America.
Ruling: Ultimately the court ruled in favor of Smith (8-0) and it was decided by the Federal District Court that although McDonald was within the general protection of the Petition Clause it does not grant him absolute immunity. Although the right to petition government officials is undoubtedly an important aspect in self-government, this right is still subject to the same legal limitations as the First Amendment. Therefore the claims that were made in the petition were subject to libel lawsuits. The Court of Appeals affirmed. On certiorari the US Supreme Court affirmed the judgments made by the other courts.
MGMT530 – Week 1 Case Analysis: Conference Decision Case 1) Define the decision problem? Should the accounting system user’s conference be rescheduled to an alternate location, postponed to an alternate date or cancelled completely? 2) What is the general nature of the problem? Hurricane Katrina has hit New Orleans, Louisiana, the host city for the accounting systems user’s conference. The city is devastated and will not be available for the event.
Children’s Hospital, (1923), It was a U.S. Supreme Court case in which the court invalidated a board established by Congress to set minimum wages for female workers in the District of Columbia. Congress in 1918 had authorized the Wage Board to ascertain and fix adequate wages for women employees in the nation’s capital. The court ruled in a 5–3 vote that the law authorizing the Wage Board infringed upon Fifth Amendment guarantees of life, liberty, and property. Employer and employee, according to the majority opinion, had a constitutional right to contract in whatever manner they pleased. Thus, the establishment of the Wage Board was an unjustified interference with the freedom of contract.
On July 2, 1964 the Civil Rights Act was made law. It was a landmark piece of legislation in the Untied States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against blacks and women, including racial segregation. In schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public ended in unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation. Powers that were given to enforce the act were initially weak, but were supplemented during later years, Congress stated its authority to legislate under several different parts of the Untied States Constitution, principally its power to regulate interstate commerce under Article One, its duty to guarantee all citizens equal protection of the laws under the Fourteenth Amendment and its duty to protect voting rights under the Fifteenth Amendment. John F. Kennedy, who was president at the time asked in his Civil Rights speech on June 11, 1963 that “giving all Americans the right to be served in facilities which are open to the public- hotels, restaurants, theaters, retail stores, and similar establishments,” as he also asked for “greater protection for the right to vote.” Imitating the Civil Rights Act of 1875, Kennedy's civil rights bill included changes to ban discrimination in
Southern Democrats had promised to oppose the bill. (wikapedia.com). The 1964 Civil Rights Act put an end to the South’s segregation laws, outlawed employment discrimination and forbade discrimination in federal programs; securing the right to the ballot for black Americans living in the south. In the process of challenging social injustice for the good of all who are both directly and indirectly discriminated against. Malcolm X delivered his speech “The Ballot or the Bullet in Cleveland Ohio on April 3rd 1964, an election year that would go on to echo throughout the years.
Hamden’s lawyers also argued that it was unconstitutional to be tried by a military commission, under the protection of the Geneva Conventions. The Supreme Court ruled in 2006 the prisoners of Guantanamo Bay were in fact protected under Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions, stating the Executive branch does not have any jurisdiction when it relates to prisoners and their rights to petition the Government for trials. The Bush Administration again explained Guantanamo Bay, because it is located in Cuba, GITMO “prevents judicial review of the legal status of prisoners; it is the "legal equivalent of outer space," unlike military bases on US territories.” The Bush Administration explained the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals ruled, the U.S Army Military Police has the right to treat prisoners however so because they are located on Cuban
Through non-violent protest, famously led by Martin Luther King Jr., racial segregation in the South would be dismantled and equal rights for blacks would be achieved. Lyndon B. Johnson was able to persuade Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This was one of the most important U.S. laws on civil rights as it would guarantee equal voting rights, prohibit segregation or discrimination in public venues, and the desegregation of public schools. Soon after Congress would pass the Voting Rights Act in 1965. This prohibited Southern states from using literacy tests to determine eligibility to vote, which infringed on their voting rights of the 15th amendment.
The 15th Amendment prohibited the states from denying people the right to vote because of their race. During the late 1870's, white Americans increasingly disregarded the newly won rights of black Americans. The government itself contributed greatly to denying blacks their rights. In 1883, the Supreme Court ruled that congressional acts to prevent racial discrimination by private individuals were unconstitutional. In 1896, in the case of Plessy vs. Ferguson, the Supreme Court upheld a Louisiana law requiring separate but equal accommodations for blacks and whites in railroad cars.