Outline and evaluate one or more biological rhythms (24 marks) There are three main biological rhythms in psychology, Circadian, Infradian and Ultradian. Circadian Rhythms last 24 hours, ultradian rhythms last less than 24 hours and infradian rhythms last longer than a day but less than a year. Ultradian rhythms are bodily rhythms that last for less than 24 hours, such as the feeding patterns of many animals, and the stages of sleep which last 90 minutes in total. For example, there are 5 stages of sleep. In stage 1, the heart beat slows down, muscle tension is reduced and alpha waves are replaced by slower theta waves.
Explain the difference in these two readings. 5 is slightly lower than 6, not much difference 8. In the legend beneath Figure 2, the authors give an equation indicating that diastolic blood pressure is DBP = 25.8 + 0.13x. If the value of x is postnatal age of 30 hours, what is the value for Ŷ for neonates ≤ 1,000 grams? Show your calculations.
Today, I’m going to be discussing the biological approach to treating phobic disorders, quite obviously in this method of treating these disorders, there are two types of chemotherapy (drugs) which are used. Firstly, anti-anxiety drugs are one of the two drugs which are prescribed to patients suffering with the disorders. Benzodiazepines are quite commonly used to help relieve symptoms of anxiety. Benzodiazepines work by slowing down activity of the central nervous system by acting as a ligand for GABA(a) receptors mimicking the response of the release of GABA in the brain causing similar effects of calmness/ decreased agitation and mild sedation through decreased excitatbility and reduced communication between neurons. Kahn et al (1986) supported the use of benzodiazepines and found that they were more effective than a placebo treatment in relieving anxiety.
The research has a level of about 7.5 percent with lowest rate of heart rate problems or deaths”. Over medicating can be a particular problem for seniors. More than half of them take 3 or more medications per day. Drug interactions can be worse than the disease. If they cannot afford the amount for medication copay then they may hold out just to be able to save for another week or so.
The Article talks about what the criteria for inducing hypothermia in patients that are post cardiac arrest. Patients should have their ROSC evaluated. The article talks about how PEA, asystole arrest or in hospital arrest has not been studied but may be applied. Some Patients are excluded because of secondary diagnosis. The goal of hypothermia in patients is to reach a core body temperature of 33 degrees Celsius to 34 degrees Celsius in 6 to 8 hours.
Anticonvulsants are also often used as mood stabilizers these include: Depakote, Neurontin, and Topamax. Atypical Antipsychotics that are commonly used to treat Bipolar disorder include:Zyprexa, Abilify, Seroquel, and Risperdal. There are also several anti- depressants that are used to treat the symptoms of Bipolar disorder these include: Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft, and Welbutrin. Taking only an anti-depressant can increase the risk of switching to mania or hypomania, or of development of rapid cycling symptoms. To prevent this from occurring a physician will usually require a client to take a mood stabilizing medication along with an
Because of its negative side effects it was restricted to veterinary anesthesia, then dropped from legal use. It was a widely abused drug in the 1970s but now its use has fallen to .2% of the population in the last month. Pure PCP is in crystal form and can be snorted, orally ingested, or smoked. Cigarettes and joints can be dipped in liquid PCP and smoked. The purity of a certain batch is usually unknown and varies widely.
It is used to treat fluid retention (edema) in people with congestive heart failure, liver disease, or a kidney disorder such as nephritic syndrome. A brand name for bumetanide is Bumex Anastrozole, brand name Arimidex, is a type of anti-estrogen used in treatment of breast cancer but is also used by bodybuilders to combat the estrogenic side effects associated with using anabolic steroids Beta-2 agonist is a drug that opens the bronchial airways and often helps build muscle. Agonist is often referred to as a drug that stimulates natural processes in the body and beta-2 to a cell receptor. They are clinically used to help asthma patients. Yet, the abuse of beta-3 agonists can be used as an enhancer.
Senakot- stimulant laxative to treat constipation. Side effects include stomach pain and cramps and excessive use can cause diarrhoea. Anti-hypertensive- i.e. Lisonopril used for lowering blood pressure, it is also effective treating congestive heart failure and improve survival after a heart attack. Not to be used by people with liver or kidney disease, diabetes, rheumatoid.
D2 receptors have been shown to play a key guiding role. The hypothesis states if dopamine is reduced so will schizophrenic symptoms. One piece of research which supports this hypothesis is the dopamine activity in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsons disease is said to lower dopamine activity. They receive the drug L-Dopa to increase levels of dopamine.