He believed that conscience derives from the guilt we feel when we go against our conscience, so it is a construct of the mind, not the voice of God. He argued in a rather mechanistic fashion that the human mind is split into three separate parts. The first part is the super-ego which is the set of moral controls given to us by outside influences- a moral code. The ego is the conscious self which is available to be seen by the outside world. Finally the id, which is the unconscious self which contains basic drives and repressed memories.
The super-ego is the conscience of guilt. It need for punishment and remorse, which have often use its function to consist in keeping a watch over the actions and intentions of the ego and judging it. The sense of guilt; superego acts on rebellion and against authority, which often put severe demands on the individual that can not realistically meet causing unhappiness. As for the religion belief, everyone has it own path to acquisition of happiness and protection from suffering. The value of life and distorting the real picture of life as it is.
For every action that a person makes, there is an influence or motivation, for example his own nature and the way he makes decisions, or his upbringing, and the way he has been brought up to think. People who act on their own would include leaders, hermits and those in authoritative positions. Thomas Hobbes, a philosopher, believed that man is selfish and evil and that society is needed to tame them. The values of a larger society would then include traits such as being civilized and would ideally restrain man to act in that way. However, individual behavior, or the actions of a typical person will tend to be influenced by his own values instead of those of his community, which have a weaker hold on him.
Sigmund Freud developed an approach on abnormality that highlighted how human personality and psychosexual development in childhood can cause abnormality. Freud proposed that the human personality is made up of three interacting elements: the id, the ego and the super ego. The id is our unconscious it releases natural pleasure seeking instincts and operates to satisfy these instincts through pleasurable activities. The ego represents our conscious self; it tries to balance the id with moral rules proposed by the superego. The superego is our moral authority this developed through identification of our parent’s moral rules and the social norms of society If the ego fails to balance the id and the superego this can lead to conflict and may result in a psychological disorder.
Ehrenreich cites two human sources, one from Charles Fourier and the other one from Edmund Leach. Both hold eventually that the family is the negative piece for the society, being a barrier to human progress and for the other side, being the source of all discontents. Finally, the author states that no matter if we are healthy or dysfunctional family, all of we need outside assistance so we won’t implode. We need more gender equality and better child welfare. Questions 1.- The opportunities that celebrity crimes do we allow ourselves to think about the family is that this may not be the ideal and perfect living arrangement after all, that it can be a nest of pathology and a cradle of gruesome violence.
This realistic portrayal of Huck’s society suggests that one’s upbringing is the crucial development stage for future behavior and mindset. Some would argue that nature, not nurture, is what determines one’s personality, and that men are born good or evil. I am inclined to side with Twain and disagree. Unless it comes down to psychosis or some other form of mental illness, I think that violence and hate stem from the childhoods of the perpetrators, not from predestination or divine planning. The second morality struggle in the novel is that of Huck’s own ethics.
Erich Fromm Critique Essay In discussing obedience, people usually will think that obedience is the right thing to do, and disobedience is in the wrong. In Erich Fromm’s essay, “Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem”, he states that around different places, people all believe that the world we live in came about as an act of disobedience. In his argument, he states multiple examples taken from the Greek myth of Prometheus, and of Adam and Eve, with the Original Sin. Erich even assumes that the beginning of our race starts through disobedience: “[our] intellectual development was dependent on the capacity for being disobedient..”(Fromm 684) With this statement, Erich Fromm strongly argues his view that “human history began with an act of disobedience, and it is not unlikely that it will be terminated by an act of obedience.”(Fromm 683) In his article, Fromm discusses his reasoning for believing that history began with disobedience, and will end in obedience. Erich Fromm talks about the different kinds of obedience, and how they can help one’s society, or even destroy it.
There are different theories established by psychologists, which explain where personality originates. The highly important individual who played a role in the psychoanalysis theory was Sigmund Freud. Freud believed an individual’s personality was influenced by the unconscious, which there is no way to control. He based understanding of personality on analysis of patient’s dreams as well as his own dreams. Adler theorized that personality was motivated by the influence of society and fighting for triumph.
Rogers developed a Humanistic style approach to psychology as he grappled with his own beliefs of humanity, spirituality and psychological ideology. As his experience in working with individuals grew he disagreed with the psychoanalytical and behaviourist approaches to psychology due to his own humanistic view of life. Rogers believed that individuals are inherently good and have the ability to choose right and wrong (Corey, 2001, p. 170). Rogers’ experiences slowly moved him to develop his own theory of personality in line with his Humanistic thinking. Throughout this paper I will be discussing Roger’s person-centered approach to psychotherapy.
Behavioral theories came from John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, and B.F. Skinner. John B. Watson argued that psychologists should examine only what they could see and determine if psychology was to be a science. Behaviorists think that everything can be learned. They found that the unconscious motives and drives that Freud described were difficult to verify to the scientific method. Behaviorists are also called “learning theorists” because they believe that all behavior is learned, step by step.