This allows the results to be generalised. Weaknesses The hospital staff was deceived - this is, of course, unethical. Although Rosenhan did conceal the names of hospitals or staff and attempted to eliminate any clues which might lead to their identification. Rosenhan did note that the experiences of the pseudo-patients could have differed from that of real patients who did not have the comfort of knowing that the diagnosis was false. Perhaps Rosenhan was being too hard on psychiatric hospitals, especially when it is important for them to play safe in their diagnosis of abnormality because there is always an outcry when a patient is let out of psychiatric care and gets into trouble.
Core studies summary Rosenhan (1973) individual differences |Aims and context (Put aims of study & background history): | | | |Aim – Rosenhan aimed to investigate if psychiatrists could distinguish the difference between people who are genuinely mentally ill and | |those who aren’t. He aimed to find out if “the salient characteristics that lead to diagnoses reside in the patients themselves or in | |the environments and contexts in which the observers find them?” He wanted to find out if the diagnostic systems were reliable at the | |time, as well as the impact of labelling. | | | |Coming to the fore in the 1960s, "anti-psychiatry" (a term first used by David Cooper in 1967) defined a movement that vocally | |challenged the fundamental claims and practices of mainstream psychiatry. Psychiatrist Thomas Szasz argues that "mental illness" is a | |combination of a medical and a psychological concept, but popular because it legitimizes the use of psychiatric force to control and | |limit deviance from societal norms (norms of society i.e. ways we are expected to behave) | |Michel Foucault argued that the concepts of sanity and insanity were social ideas (constructs) that did not reflect actual patterns of | |human behavior, and which were convenient for the powerful in society to judge who is "sane" over the "insane".
They are genuine feelings based on the self's interactions with the environment and the people in it, at different points in time. Freud, in his psychoanalytic theory, regarded counter-transference as a “block” that can hinder therapy and the therapeutic relationship which may occur when the patient triggers certain feelings or reactions in the therapist based on the therapist’s past experiences and relationships (Winnicott, 1994). Another form of counter-transference, termed ‘projective-identification by Melanie Klein, occurs when “parts of the self and internal objects are split off and projected into the external object, which then becomes possessed by, controlled and identified with the projected parts” (Segal, 1974). A third type of counter-transference which is also the one I choose to base my paper on is a different kind of counter-transference; a more totalistic, objective form, referred to first by Winnicott in his paper “Hate in the Counter-transference”. Winnicott describes it as “an understandable and ‘normal’ reaction to the patient’s actual personality and behavior” which he ten
Compare and contrast any two perspectives in psychology. This essay is going to discuss the comparisons and differences between the psychodynamic and the behavioural approaches to psychology. The essay will look at the way both approaches explain the cause of mental illness and depression and how they would treat it. The psychodynamic perspective was introduced by Sigmund Freud and in contrast with the behavioural approach he completely ignored the science surrounding the subject and instead tried to get into the minds of the individuals and try to make sense of the way they see the world. Freud believed that the mind was like an iceberg with the majority of it being hidden away, he called this the unconscious part of the mind.
Theory Critique of Neil Anderson The Bondage Breaker December 4, 2011 Neil Anderson’s (2006) The Bondage Breaker presents a theoretical model intended to overcome habitual sins, negative thoughts, and irrational feelings. This critique looks into the theoretical and theological approach of this orientation as well as compares the work of Hawkins (2009b), and explains some strengths and weaknesses. Overview of theoretical orientation and process In his book, Anderson (2006) suggests some of the mental illnesses people have are demonic possessions. One of which is the most severe is schizophrenia. Secular psychiatry would dismiss this notion and classify the behavior as deranged or mentally disturbed.
This involved social diagnosis prior to deciding whether to give indirect treatment of relieving environment distress or direct treatment that is influencing the thoughts and feelings of individuals. Throughout the 1950s-960s Freudian psychoanalytic ideas particularly known as psychodynamic casework.1970-1980 methods were questioned about individual focus which suggested they were oppressed and failed to address the broader social economic issues that contribute to the problems experienced by service users. Psychosocial approach helps to keep an open mind .Imagination and knowledge of personality functioning human behaviour and emotional suffering are inherent in the ideas they assist in reaching differential diagnosis and treatment plans Clients interact with environment in unique ways. Counselling: -counselling is shorthand for any form of interaction to help people. As Sedan (1999) suggested Technique can be used in many areas that are undertaken by social work.
McMurphy is both a Byronic and messianic hero and reminds the patients of the ward how to stand up to the rules of society and to think for themselves. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is centered upon the role of the individual in society and the way it attempts to install order. Sometimes the means in which society imposes order compromises the individual’s freedom. The asylum houses patients who have problems functioning within the social norms of society. Randle McMurphy is a convict, accused of statutory rape charges, who feigns mental illness in order to be relieved of his work detail.
Individuals considered to have normal behavior do not experience mental illness, mental disorders, or psychiatric problems. Many psychiatric doctors, hospitals, and their employees tend to blame the patients for abnormalities, instead of looking at the variables, which may have caused the abnormal behavior in some individuals in the first place (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). Rosen Hans study claimed everyone has idiosyncrasies, along with other things, which may be bothersome to others, and these things may appear to others as an abnormality (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). Abnormal psychology is a study of abnormal behavior to society, for example people with mental illness, mental disorder, or disagree with the society’s version of normal behavior labeled abnormal. Several examples of society’s abnormal behavior are as follows: A person who cannot care for him or herself daily, such as does not bathe daily, cannot brush his or her teeth, brush his or her hair, or dress him or herself.
The conceptual issues surrounding theories and diagnoses of abnormal behaviour reflect prevailing social values and not necessarily objective science (Whitaker 2002, Moncrief 2010). Critically discuss this assertion with particular reference to the objectivity of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM). The scientific basis of abnormal behaviour has become the focus of debate; the key debate is whether the diagnoses and theories of abnormal behaviour reflect objective science or whether they reflect social values. Some argue that abnormality is simply a concept and is socially constructed; this idea is supported by Thomas Szasz (1960), who argues that society has invented the concept of mental illness to control people who threaten the social order (Comer, 2013). Arguments for this are come from the constant changes to the DSM guidelines, for example the removal of homosexuality as a mental disorder that could be treated.
Based on NIMH’S information on the types and signs of mental illness, Holden Caulfield, in Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, can be checked for many of the disorders such as borderline personality, bipolar/sexual, and ADHD (NIMH). This text gives an inside look on the on-going war in Holden’s mind and shows just how mental illness can really jumble someone’s psychology. Even though it would be easy for us to blame Holden for being the cause of his own failure, we cannot condone the traumatizing past that Holden had to go through and the psychological problems that Holden has no control over. A person with borderline personality disorder is someone that is mentally unstable and shows symptoms of extreme reactions, disturbing and depressing thoughts (Borderline personality disorder/NIMH).