Against Cromwell's Revolution Within Government Thomas Cromwell served Henry VIII as chief minister between 1532-1540. During this time some argue for example Elton that there was a revolution within government. Elton believed that during the time Cromwell was chief minister there were key turning points in the way in which the government functioned. He believes that the changes led to the government turning from medieval to modern. Many historians agree that changes within government took place between 1532-40 however the question arises were these changes great enough to create a revolution within government?
How accurate is it to say that the Yorkists kings restored authority in England in the years 1471-1485? Both Richard III and Edward IV, two of the Yorkist Kings between 1471 and 1485, went some way to restoring royal authority. However, their successes in restoring authority during their reigns were certainly limited. While Edward IV did remove much of the threat of the Lancastrians, he was unable to control the nobility which led to the usurpation of Edward V’s throne by Richard Duke of Gloucester in 1483. Moreover, Richard III was very good at politics, having a lavish court and is good at using propaganda, yet he is highly unpopular among both the people and the nobility; his reign only lasts two years before the throne is usurped by Henry Tudor.
During Tudor England, religious identity was extremely important, and therefore religious ‘revolution’ was obviously going to affect the people and the country significantly. To assess this statement each monarch, ‘revolution’ and its affect on England must be discussed. Edward VI came to power in 1547 at the age of just nine, and he was assigned a ‘protectorate’ and in the first half of his reign this was his Uncle, the Duke of Somerset. Somerset did himself appear to be Protestant, welcoming religious radicals such as John Hooper and Thomas Becon into his household. He also made a start on reforming religion; in July 1547 he introduced the Book of Homilies and paraphrases, a religious document that had to be placed in every Church.
How successful was Edward IV in restoring royal authority between 1461 and 1470? Edward IV did not begin with the whole world in his favour; there were many threats and oppositions for him to overcome as well as the fact he had to produce his own solutions to problems to achieve his ultimate power, for example an heir and a queen. This however was not an easy task as Henry VI s son Prince Edward was growing up fast, which intensified the pressure on nineteen year old Edward to get on with his arrangements. The threats mainly involved the rivalry of the Duke of Somerset, who was in the Beaufort line and had a distant claim to the throne. Whilst that was at the back of Edward's mind, he also had the inhibitory situation of Warwick and Clarence becoming over-mighty subjects.
Whilst Flambard’s role was very much to increase Crown revenues, in preparation of an invasion of Normandy, under Henry I the role was built upon. He appointed Roger of Salisbury to oversee administration, justice and taxation, even appointing him head of the Exchequer in 1110. Whilst under William I men such as Odo of Bayeux and Lanfranc had minor roles when William was out of the country, they did not have the power to implement reform. However, the fact that William, who ruled over more land than either of his sons under more difficult circumstances, did not appoint a vice-regent shows that the role may not have been as important to English administration as it is sometimes thought, although at the time the country was not as centralised as it would become under Henry. Instead of the need for someone to implement reform and change, under later English Kings after William I it may have been that a figure was required to oversee the system and enable the King to depart the country to protect his interests on the Continent.
The Continental Congress was careful to give the states as much independence as possible. The Articles established a confederation of states, carefully stating the limited functions of the federal government. Even with all the changes it still took seven years for all of the states to ratify the Articles, due to preoccupation with the revolution and disagreements among states, but they finally came into effect March 1, 1781. Under the Articles of Confederation the strengths that Congress had include the power to regulate foreign affairs, to coin and borrow money, to declare war and make peace, ,and to regulate postal services. The weaknesses that Congress had were much greater than their strengths.
Many of the Conservatives at the time realised that it was inevitable due to popular agitation and past attempts to pass similar acts that the act would be passed and thus knew that it did not involve an abundance of political skill other than that of oratorial talent to pass this electoral reform through the commons. Thus this can clearly not be the only reason why the Conservatives saw Disraeli as the next leader. His political skill and determination was one of these reasons and played a considerable part in his rise to party leader. He was a very intelligent man and clearly was at ease with the English language, his
These small changes met with considerable protest, but over time many would be converted. 17 Peter proved to be quite the remarkable leader and reformer of the nation. Upon his death Russia was still behind the rest of Europe in many areas and some of his reforms would be fought tooth and nail, but unlike Ivan he had a vision of what his nation could be he strove to make it so. The body count on his watch was much less than Ivan's and that alone is cause for celebration for the Russian
Was Charles I to blame for the outbreak of the civil war Oliver Cromwell- warts and allhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/images/charles_i.jpg On the 22nd of August 1642 king Charles I declared war on the members of parliament who opposed Charles laws and acts. He did this in Nottinghamshire, where he met his people who wanted to fight for him. There were two types of causes for the outbreak of the civil war. These were long term and short term causes. The long term causes for the civil war were: Charles belief in the divine right of kings, Archbishop Laud’s reforms to the Church of England, money problems and the rise of parliament and Charles’ attempt to rule without parliament.
The presidency comes with vast arrays of roles and responsibilities: approving/vetoing every bill passed, making sure laws made by congress are carried out, and simply presiding over meetings of the association. But the presidents many responsibilities are constrained due to the Separation of powers, the Constitution, and Federalism. Without these constraints, the President would have all the power he wanted, essentially having a monarchy not a democracy. For instance, separation of powers creates three separate branches of government, each with their own special powers. The Constitution creates reliability, making the president co-operate with the other branches of government.