Asian Economic Miracle

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The Asian Economic Miracle is a term used to describe the experiences of a group of countries, largely in East Asia, in achieving successful economic development. Beginning from the early 1960s onwards, countries in East and later Southeast Asia began a gradual process of reforms that led to impressive levels of growth and rising GDP per capita. Japan was the first economy to take off, followed by the 'Asian Tigers'- Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan; and the Newly Industrialising Countries (NICs) of Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. These eight economies accounted for the bulk of growth in East Asia and their experiences will be the focus of this essay. As a result of the substantial rise in income levels, widespread economic prosperity occurred across the region, with millions of people being lifted out of poverty (World Bank, 1993) . This essay seeks to address the impact of the Asian Miracle on the living standards and quality of life of people in the region, namely in the eight countries mentioned above. In the 1950s most of Asia was desperately poor. East Asia was no exception. Income levels there were comparable to countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and in certain cases, worse. The only country that was experiencing substantial economic growth was Japan. Post-World War 2, Japan was recovering rapidly largely due to United States aid. The Japanese were in the process of rebuilding their economy through the assistance of the United States and therefore were enjoying greater levels of prosperity compared to the rest of Asia. Increased exports to the European and American market meant that there was a greater demand for Japanese products, and growth soon picked up (Tipton, 1998). By the 1960s, Japan was the leading light in East Asia. In the mid 1960s, South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan and a newly independent Singapore started to pick up their
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