Artificial Intelligence- An Overview

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Artificial Intelligence-An Overview References: 1. Artificial Intelligence by Elaine Rich and Kevin Knight 2. Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems by Dan W. Patterson 3. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence by E. Charniak and D. McDermott What is Intelligence? As per dictionaries, Intelligence is the ability to acquire, understand and apply knowledge, or the ability to exercise thought and reason. But, intelligence is more than this. It includes all of the knowledge and achievements which we have acquired through study and experience: highly refined vision and sound perception; thought; imagination; the ability to converse, read, write, drive a vehicle, memorize and recall facts, express and feel emotions; and much more.2 Intelligence is the integrated sum of those achievements which gives us the ability to remember a face not seen for 30 or more years, or to build and send satellite in space. It is those capabilities which set human beings apart from other forms of living things. The primary diet of intelligence is knowledge. However, knowledge possesses some less desirable properties: 1. It is voluminous, e.g. internet. 2. It is hard to characterize accurately. 3. It is constantly changing. 4. It differs from data by being organized in a way that corresponds to the way it will be used. To be useful for AI, knowledge should be represented in such a way that: a. The knowledge captures generalizations. It means that the situations that share common properties are grouped together. b. It can be understood by people who must provide it, e.g. the knowledge from a program is provided by the programmer in terms of his understanding. c. It can be used in a great many situations even if it is not totally accurate or complete. d. It can be used to help overcome its own sheer bulk by helping to narrow the range of

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