Key functions affected by dementia are: distortion of the visual field, the perception of size, colour and shape of objects may not be recognised by the brain from what the eyes are actually seeing. Temporal lobe Located on the sides of the brain at about the same level as the ears. Key functions affected by dementia are: hearing, language, the formation of memories, recognising people and places. The Cerebellum Located at the base of the brain under the Occipital lobe. Key functions affected are balance and muscle co-ordination The Hippocampus Located in the temporal lobe of the brain.
The main areas of the brain that are affected by dementia in terms of causing difficulties with their functions are: * Frontal Lobe – This is the part of the brain that controls behaviour, movement, personality and the interpretation of what is around us * Parietal Lobe – This is the part of the brain that controls the language we use, spacial awareness and recognition of places, objects and people. * Occipital Lobe – This is the part of the brain that controls eyesight and our ability to see * Temporal Lobe – This is the part of the brain that controls our speech, hearing and memory 1.3 – Explain why depression, delirium and age related memory impairment may be mistaken for dementia. Depression can sometimes be mistaken for dementia because with dementia a person’s behaviour and feeling of well-being can change and cause the person to appear withdrawn and this for example might be mistaken for depression. However, if the person is depressed then it could be the depression not the dementia causing them ill-being. Delirium for example can be brought on as a result of an infection and this might be mistaken with dementia because for example the person could become confused and suffer with
Unit DEM 301 Understanding the neurology of dementia: 1.1 A common misconception is that Dementia is a normal part of the ageing process. Dementia is a broad-spectrum term for a range of progressive diseases that generally affect memory, emotional and sometimes physical ability. Dementia is ultimately caused by damage to the brain cells, this damage then causes miscommunications within the brain. When the brain cells do not then work together as usually this can have an effect on an individual’s thinking, abilities and behaviour. Dependent on the type of damage to the cells and the particular regions that are affected this can indicate through investigations (i.e brain scans….)
There could be some damage to the central nervous system but not very severe or the symptoms that Nick exhibits would be more severe. C. Diabetic neuropathies damage peripheral nerves. Which component of the reflex arc is most likely to be damaged in Nick’s situation? The component of the reflex arc that is most likely to be damaged in Nick’s situation would begin at the sensory neuron. Stimuli is still triggering the receptor but the information from the sensory neuron doesn’t continue the arc to the integrating centers to the motor neurons to the effectors which causes the absence of a reflex.
Dementia with Lewy Bodies can be closely related to Parkinsons Disease and there is a theory that Dementia with Lewy Bodies interferes with two neurotransmitters called dopamine and acetylcholine which assist in the brains functions. In Frontotemporal dementia – Picks Disease, the brain shrinks in the frontal and temporal lobes and a build of specific protein’s occur in these areas. Once the proteins come together, they become toxic and cause brain cells to die. It is not understood why these proteins build up. There are other dementia types too, namely Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) caused by an abnormal infectious protein call Prion which cause nerve damage to
As electrical messages arrive in this junction, they release Acetylcholine to nerve receptors to control muscle contractions, whose actions trigger or suppress muscle movement. Patients with MG have a limited amount of these receptors because they are destroyed. The destruction is caused by antibodies that were made by the human body, intended to combat germs and infections (Lundy-Ekman, 2007 and NINDS, 2010). This disease is believed by many researches to have origin in the thymus. Some patients afflicted with MG have abnormal growth or tumors in this gland (Cavalcante et al., 2011).
Destruction of the auditory cortex on both sides of the brain, whether in human beings or in lower mammals, causes loss of almost all ability to detect the direction from which sound comes. Yet the neural analyses for this detection process begin in the superior olivary nuclei in the brain stem, even though the neural pathways all the way from these nuclei to the cortex are required for interpretation of the signals. The mechanism is believed to be the following. The superior olivary nucleus is divided into two sections: (1) the medial superior olivary nucleus and (2) the lateral superior olivary nucleus. The lateral nucleus is concerned with detecting the direction from which the sound is coming, presumably by simply comparing the difference in intensities of the sound reaching the two ears and sending an appropriate signal to the auditory cortex to estimate the direction.
Children with kernicterus have a "dystonic" or "athetoid" form of cerebral palsy. An "athetoid" form of cerebral palsy is classic and refers to the slow, writhing involuntary movements that occur. Dystonia, or abnormal muscle tone and position, is more common, and may occur with or without athetosis. Some children with kernicterus are deaf, some have normal hearing, and some with or without deafness have an auditory processing problem now called auditory neuropathy or auditory dys-synchrony. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) tests (also known as BAEP, BAER or BSER) are often abnormal, whereas other "hearing" tests, such as otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and cochlear microphonic responses are
Neurobiological Parallels of Co Occurring Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders Karen M. Bates Walden University Biopsychology-PSYC-8226-2 November, 2010 Dr. Geoffrey Hutchinson Neurobiology of Co Occurring Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders Depression, anxiety, and substance use have psychiatric symptomology overlap and the neurobiological similarities of these disorders are particularly active in neuroscience and neurobiology research (Brady, 2007). Despite the research, the mental illness-substance abuse dichotomy persists. Data indicates that individuals with co occurring disorders are inadequately served in both mental health and substance use treatment settings resulting in over-utilization of resources in the criminal
The authors stated that the reason society connected deafness with autism is because of striking similarities "in children with rubella who often had a concomitant hearing loss and those with autism who did not have a hearing loss." A lot of information researchers found led them to believe that a possible relationship did exist. Other authors might not agree with the previous statement because Kogan et al. (2009) stated that "to suggest that deafness causes autism would imply that a much larger number of deaf individuals should have autism, which has not yet been