Then when Henry the II took rule the land expanded and England ruled over more of France but when Edward the III came to the throne he lost control of most of the French land. In 1328 when the French king Charles IV died with no male heir to the throne it sparked interest in Edward who believed he was the rightful heir to the throne because his mother (Isabella) was Charles sister. Although Charles cousin prince Phillip also thought he had the rightful place to the throne, this caused the first major battle of the hundred year war, The Battle of Crecy. The battle of Crecy took place in 1346 In France near Normandy in Crecy. King Edward III of England fought against King Phillip VI of France’s son the prince of France in the battle for the throne to rule France.
These treaties provided important gains for Britain, Austria and the house of bourbon that set the foundation for future development in Europe and abroad. The treaties also labelled the defeat of French ambitions created under Louis XIV and introduced the concept of the balance of power into international relations for the first time. For most of the 17th century France dominated as a European super power. Britain, France's greatest opposition, had just recently emerged as a new superpower in the 1680's along with Austria and the Dutch Republic after victories in the 9 years’ war (McKay & Scott, 1983). Concurrently the king of Spain, Charles II, was nearing his deathbed with no heir to the Spanish throne.
The St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre was instigated by the French Wars of Religion, the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-laye, and the religion crossing wedding of Henry of Navarre and Margaruite de Valois. The conflicts escalated to war fare after an attempted assassination of Admiral Gaspard de Coligny was made. Catherine de’ Medici was the Queen of France from 1547-1559 until King Henry died, along with his heir, making her ten year old son Charles IX king. Catherine continued to rule until August of 1563 when Charles IX declared his majority, but she still ruled through her son (Britannica). Catherine
From the late fourth century, the Church had consciously set out to destroy all knowledge that could distract people from devotion to god, thus ushering in the dark ages. Thus most important philosophical, medical, mathematical and scientific knowledge built up by the ancient Greeks and Romans had been lost to Europe forever. Some of the ancient Europe text had been retained by the arabs, who valued knowledge and expanded greatly on what had been preserved. Although Europe had been exposednto Islamic culture for centuries through contacts in Spain and Siciliy, much more Islamic thought was transferred to the west during the crusades. The need to raise, transport and supply large armies led to growth in trade throughout Europe.
After Pepin's passing in 768, his son, Charlemagne, took over the throne. He was a very strong military leader and officially defeated the Lombards in 774; in return the pope gave him the title of Protector of the Papacy. At this time, the pope was growing more dependent on Charlemagne and also his instruction on how to rule the Papel States. Charlemagne can be remembered for his efforts in converting others through his militaristic ways. Essentially, it came down to him threatening to kill the conquered people if they were not to convert to Christianity.
The social structure of the New England Puritans was a brotherhood. As the leader of the Puritans, John Winthrop, Governor of Massachusetts, believes that they should be an example of the purest religion, free from prosecution which he expresses in his essay, “A Modell of Christian Charity” (Doc A). The puritans had a powerful sense of purpose; to build a Christian theocracy. The community of the Puritans was tightly woven and centered on the church and town hall with a strong relationship between church and state (Doc B). The people believed in the necessity of education and a trained and educated ministry.
Many factors led to the rise of Protestantism, for example, events like the Black Death and the Western Schism. The most crucial factors were the reformers themselves. Two of the most famous reformers were Martin Luther and Desiderius Erasmus. Luther was a German priest who found the ways of the Roman Catholic Church to be corrupt, he fought the church until he was named an outlaw by the emperor, and shunned by the pope. Erasmus was a Dutch Renaissance humanist, and Catholic priest.
Theo 212 Midterm Take Home Exam Question 1: Models of Revelation (Part A) The model that Patricia’s understanding of God’s self communication most closely resembles is the Propositional model, in which a revelation occurs when teaching is formulated in a clear, conceptual form. In Patricia’s revelation, God communicates to her through the form of written words in the bible. Understanding and internalizing God’s command to “do unto others as you would have them do unto you!” was possible for Patricia because of her existing faith in Christ as an Evangelist. For Patricia, revelations through the delivery of religious teachings are salvific experiences. While Patricia’s faith was strong prior to her revelation, Oscar’s faith was a response to revelation.
The rise of England and Habsburg Austria set the international systems transformation from unipolarity to multipolarity. Because the French dominance threatened their security, England and Austria responded by: i) Organizing the Grand Alliances in the nine year war and sought to contain France and counter its power. ii) Reorganizing themselves administratively, militarily and economically to acquire greater power capabilities than France. In the same fashion Germany in 1860-1910 and the united States and Japan in a slightly different yet equally determined way became great powers in response to Britain’s hegemony. These historical evidences strongly supports that unipolar moments cause geopolitical backlashes that lead to multipolarity.
The support extended by him towards the July 1914 crisis further escalated tensions across Europe, which culminated into the First World War through a chain of events. His rash and poorly conceived and thought out policies fuelled by his attitude towards the Civil Government ultimately forced him to abdicate in 1919 and flee to the Netherlands. Nature of the policies Kaiser Wilhelm II adopted and advocated the ideology of “Welt Politik” or World Politics which was a sharp contrast to the ideology of “Real Politk” used by Otto Von Bismarck. The main aim of Welt Politik was to use aggressive policies, actions and threaten the use of military to get hold of more colonies and ensure that Germany was looked upon as a powerful and influential nation both in the eyes of other European nations as well as the world in general. His decisions could frequently be linked to his impatient and hot headedness.